上海市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查
Hygienic Survey of Central Air Conditioning Ventilation Systems in Public Places of Shanghai
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摘要:
目的 了解上海市部分新投入使用的大型公共场所集中空调通风系统的卫生状况和污染特征。 方法 抽取62套集中空调通风系统, 依据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》对空调系统的卫生指标进行采样检测。 结果 送风中可吸入颗粒物、细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌合格率分别为95.2%、87.1%、85.5%、100.0%; 风管内表面积尘量、细菌总数、真菌总数合格率分别为90.3%、90.3%、91.9%; 冷凝水中嗜肺军团菌的合格率为100.0%, 冷却水中嗜肺军团菌的阳性率为61.5%, 主要菌型为1 型。集中空调部分指标卫生状况存在相关性及季节性差异。 结论 上海市部分新投入使用的公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况存在问题。今后应加强各指标之间的相关性研究, 优化评价指标体系, 依据季节差异加强夏季、冬季的卫生管理。 Abstract:Objective To understand the hygienic status and contamination characteristics of central air conditioning ventilation systems before commencement of commercial operation in public places of Shanghai. Methods The hygienic indices of 62 selected central air conditioning ventilation systems were detected according to the Hygiene Specification for Central Air Conditioning Ventilation System in Public Buildings. Result The qualified rates of PM10, total bacteria, total fungi, and β-hemolytic streptococcus bacteremia in the supply air samples were 95.2%, 87.1%, 85.5%, and 100.0%, respectively. The qualified rates of accumulated dust mass, total bacteria, and total fungi on the internal surface of ventilation ducts were 90.3%, 90.3%, and 91.9%, respectively. Legionella pneumophila was not detected in the condensed water samples, but 61.5% of the cooling water samples were positive for Legionella pneumophila and the main type was Lp1. There were correlation variations and seasonal changes among hygienic indices of central air conditioning systems. Conclusion Hygienic issues exist in some newly installed public central air conditioning ventilation systems before commercial operation. More efforts should be directed toward future studies on the inter-index correlations to optimize evaluation index systems. Given the seasonal changes, strengthened health supervision in summer and winter would be more appropriate.
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