某地区2岁幼儿的邻苯二甲酸酯暴露水平及其影响因素
Levels and Influencing Factors of Phthalates Exposure in Two-Year-Old Infants in a County
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摘要:
目的 研究幼儿邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)暴露水平及其影响因素。 方法 在2011 年6 月至2012 年1 月, 选取江苏省某县参加“宫内环境化学物暴露对婴幼儿生长发育影响”队列的母亲于2009 年6 月至2010 年1 月期间所产344 名2 岁幼儿为研究对象, 由其父母完成问卷调查和协助尿样采集, 调查内容包括幼儿基本信息及其可能接触PAEs 的行为和生活习惯。采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)检测幼儿尿中9 种PAEs 代谢物的含量, 采用非参数检验和多重线性回归分析其影响因素。 结果 所有尿样均检测到以下9 种PAEs 代谢物, 即邻苯二甲酸单甲酯(MMP)、邻苯二甲酸单乙酯(MEP)、邻苯二甲酸单丁酯(MBP)、邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯(MiBP)、邻苯二甲酸单(3-羧基丙基)酯(MCPP)、邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己基)酯(MEHP)、邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基-5-羟己基)酯(MEHHP)、邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基-5-氧己基)酯(MEOHP)、邻苯二甲酸单(5-羰基-2-己戊基)酯(MECPP)。它们的中位数分别为: 15.73、13.99、39.30、29.23、2.90、2.88、11.93、8.70、50.10 μg/L。其中, MMP、MEHHP 和MECPP 的检出率均为100.00%; MEHP 检出率最低, 为89.80%; 其余5 种代谢物检出率为96.80%~99.71%。非参数检验及多重线性回归结果显示, 塑料奶瓶或塑料餐具的使用对幼儿尿中某些PAEs 代谢物浓度的影响有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 幼儿普遍暴露于PAEs, 塑料奶瓶或塑料餐具的使用可能会增加幼儿某些PAEs 的暴露水平。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate exposure levels of phthalates and its influencing factors in infants at the age of 2 years old. Methods Questionnaires and spot urine samples were collected from 344 2-year-old infants in a county of Jiangsu Province from June 2011 to January 2012. The survey content included infants' general information and their behaviors & habits with potential exposure to phthalates. Nine urinary phthalate metabolites were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Non-parametric test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to identify the influencing factors of infant phthalates exposure. Results The phthalate metabolites were identified in all urine samples of these infants. The median levels were as follows: monomethyl phthalate (MMP), 15.73 μg/L; monoethyl phthalate (MEP), 13.99 μg/L; monobutyl phthalate (MBP), 39.30 μg/L; monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), 29.23μg/L; mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP), 2.90 μg/L; mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), 2.88 μg/L; mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), 11.93 μg/L; mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), 8.70 μg/L, and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), 50.10 μg/L. The positive rates were 100.00% for MMP, MEHHP, and MECPP, respectively; 89.80% for MEHP; and 96.80%-99.71% for the other 5 metabolites. The usage of plastic milk bottles or plastic tableware was found to have statistically significant effects on concentrations of some urinary phthalate metabolites in infants' urine samples (P < 0.05). Conclusion The findings suggest that the infants are widely exposed to phthalates. The usage of plastic milk bottles or plastic tableware might increase infants' exposure to phthalates.
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