2011年无锡市1248家企业职业危害状况调查
Cross-Sectional Survey on Occupational Hazards of 1 248 Enterprises in Wuxi, 2011
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摘要:
目的 掌握无锡市企业职业危害状况, 为制定职业病防治对策提供依据。 方法 设计统一调查表, 以无锡市8 093 家具有职业危害因素的企业之中的1 248 家企业作为调查对象, 运用整群随机抽样法对职业危害因素监测、作业者职业健康监护和职业病发生情况进行调查。 结果 无锡市企业存在多种职业危害因素, 如粉尘、物理因素、化学因素、高毒物品。作业场所空气监测合格率和职业健康监护率均较低:粉尘、高毒物品、物理因素的监测合格率分别为92.95%、92.36%、79.94%;矽尘、锰、铅、高温、噪声监测合格率分别为71.70%、76.47%、89.65%、58.52%、78.31%;231 人被诊断为职业病, 187 人被诊断为尘肺, 24 人被诊断为职业性眼病。 结论 粉尘、噪声、苯系物、铅等是该市主要的职业危害因素, 企业应继续加强职业危害因素监测和健康监护, 保护劳动者健康。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the status of occupational hazards in Wuxi enterprises and provide basis for establishing preventive and control measures of occupational diseases. Methods A unified questionnaire was applied to investigate the occupational hazards, occupational health surveillance, and occupational diseases occurred in 1 248 enterprises in Wuxi which was selected by cluster random sampling. Results Various occupational hazards were identified, including dust, physical factors, chemical factors, and high toxic substances. The qualified rates of air quality in selected workplaces and the rates of occupational health surveillance were low. The qualified rates of dust, high toxic substances, and physical factors were 92.95%, 92.36%, and 79.94%, respectively. The qualified rates of silica dust, manganese, lead, high temperature, and noise were 71.70%, 76.47%, 89.65%, 58.52%, and 78.31%, respectively. In the enterprises investigated, 231 workers were diagnosed as occupational diseases, among whom 187 were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis and 24 as occupational eye disease. Conclusion Dust, noise, benzene compounds, and lead are the main occupational hazardous factors in Wuxi. Enterprises should continue to strengthen occupational hazards monitoring and occupational health surveillance to protect the health of workers.
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