汤红梅, 方红, 丁克颖, 刘奕男, 曹莉莉, 严玉洁, 许慧琳, 张金玲, 王伟杰, 周洁. 上海市闵行区中小学生饮食行为及其影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2013, 30(5): 328-332.
引用本文: 汤红梅, 方红, 丁克颖, 刘奕男, 曹莉莉, 严玉洁, 许慧琳, 张金玲, 王伟杰, 周洁. 上海市闵行区中小学生饮食行为及其影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2013, 30(5): 328-332.
TANG Hong-mei , FANG Hong , DING Ke-ying , LIU Yi-nan , CAO Li-li , YAN Yu-jie , XU Hui-lin , ZHANG Jin-ling , WANG Wei-jie , ZHOU Jie . Dietary Behavior and Impact Factors among Students in Primary and Middle Schools in Minhang District, Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2013, 30(5): 328-332.
Citation: TANG Hong-mei , FANG Hong , DING Ke-ying , LIU Yi-nan , CAO Li-li , YAN Yu-jie , XU Hui-lin , ZHANG Jin-ling , WANG Wei-jie , ZHOU Jie . Dietary Behavior and Impact Factors among Students in Primary and Middle Schools in Minhang District, Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2013, 30(5): 328-332.

上海市闵行区中小学生饮食行为及其影响因素

Dietary Behavior and Impact Factors among Students in Primary and Middle Schools in Minhang District, Shanghai

  • 摘要: 目的 了解上海市闵行区中、小学生饮食行为及其影响因素, 为制定营养干预措施, 改善学生营养状况提供科学依据。

    方法 采用随机整群抽样方法抽取小学3 年级~ 高中3 年级的中、小学生及其家长各5 581 名, 采用问卷调查方式调查学生的早餐、午餐、零食、快餐、偏食行为及家长的文化程度、营养认知和家庭经济状况等, 应用非条件logistic 回归分析中、小学生饮食行为的主要影响因素。

    结果 中、小学生每天吃早餐的比例为79.0%, 早餐营养质量较差的占79.4%;51.9%的学生不喜欢学校午餐, 主要原因是色香味欠佳;经常摄入零食和饮料的比例分别为97.6%和95.4%;每天喝牛奶的学生比例仅45.9%;过去1 个月食用西式快餐和过去1 周食用中式快餐的学生比例分别为62.7%和45.5%;偏食率为33.2%。多因素logistic 回归分析显示, 母亲文化程度和家长营养认知与每天食用早餐、早餐营养质量较好、每天喝牛奶行为相关(P<0.01 或P<0.05);家庭经济状况与每天喝牛奶和食用西式快餐行为相关(P<0.01);学龄段与每天食用早餐、每天喝牛奶、偏食及食用西式快餐行为相关(P<0.01);性别与每天喝牛奶、食用西式快餐和中式快餐行为相关(P<0.01 或P<0.05)。

    结论 中、小学生早餐食用率和早餐营养质量现状令人堪忧, 午餐营养质量较差, 不健康饮食行为较普遍, 应引起学校、家庭和社会的重视。家庭的经济因素是影响中、小学生饮食行为的主要因素。

     

    Abstract: Objective To investigate the dietary behavior and impact factors among students in primary and secondary schools in Minhang District of Shanghai in order to develop nutritional interventions and improve students' nutritional status.

    Methods A cluster random sampling approach was performed to identify 5 581 students from grades 3 to 12 and 5 581 parents. Information on the students' eating behaviors(including breakfast, lunch, snacks, fast food, and monophagia)and their parents' characteristics(including educational level, nutritional awareness, and family income)were collected by a set of self-designed questionnaires. Unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the main factors affecting the students' dietary behaviors.

    Results The primary and secondary school students who reported eating breakfast everyday accounted for 79.0%, and 79.4% of the breakfast were at a low nutritional quality level. Up to 51.9% students did not like school lunches because the meals were not tasty. Most students reported frequent consumptions of snacks(97.6%)and beverages(95.4%), respectively. Only 45.9% of students reported drinking milk every day; 62.7% students consumed Western style fast food in the past month and 45.5% ate Chinese style fast food in the past week. The rate of monophagia in selected students was 33.2%. The results of multivariate analysis showed maternal education level and parents' nutritional awareness were associated with their children's behaviors of eating breakfast every day, high nutritional quality of breakfast, and drinking milk every day(P<0.01 or P<0.05); family income was associated with drinking milk everyday and eating Western style fast food(P<0.01); school age was associated with eating breakfast every day, drinking milk every day, monophagia, and eating Western style fast food(P<0.01). Gender was related to drinking milk every day, eating Western style fast food and Chinese style fast food(P<0.01 or P<0.05).

    Conclusion The current students' breakfast consumption rate and breakfast nutritional quality are far from satisfaction, school lunches are at a low nutritional quality level, and unhealthy dietary behaviors are more than common. Thus, schools, families, and the whole society should pay attention to these problems. Family income is an important impact factor of various students' dietary behaviors.

     

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