2006-2010年湖南省新报告尘肺病的流行特征分析
Epidemiological Analysis on Pneumoconiosis Incidence in Hunan Province, 2006-2010
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摘要:
目的 了解湖南省 2006-2010 年新报告尘肺病的流行特征,为制定尘肺病防治对策提供科学依据。 方法 将湖南省尘肺数据信息库中 2006-2010年尘肺病个案报告卡的基本信息、工种、尘肺种类、接尘工龄、发病年龄、期别等内容由职业病网上直报系统导入 Excel 2007电子表格,得到新报告尘肺患者信息,然后运用 SPSS 16.0统计软件进行单向分类方差分析和 LSD-t检验。 结果 壹期、贰期、叁期尘肺平均发病接尘工龄分别为(16.9& #177;8.6)、(16.3& #177;8.0)、(17.7& #177;8.3)年;平均发病年龄分别为(50.0& #177;9.7)、(48.5& #177;8.3)、(51.1& #177;8.5)岁。尘肺发病年龄,主要集中在 40~60岁年龄段,占73.41%,发病年龄最小者为铸工尘肺(47.5& #177;8.8)岁,最大者为水泥尘肺(51.2& #177;10.5)岁,平均发病年龄为(49.9& #177;9.4)岁。接尘工龄,主要集中在 10~25年,占 60.19%,以矽肺接尘工龄最短,平均为(13.9& #177;8.7)年,水泥尘肺接尘工龄最长,平均为(20.9& #177;7.5)年。发病人数以煤工尘肺为多,占 67.00%。尘肺平均发病接尘工龄为(16.8& #177;8.3)年,在不同尘肺期别、不同工种和不同尘肺种类之间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。平均发病年龄,在不同工种和不同尘肺种类之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在不同尘肺期别的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 接尘工龄在 10~25年、年龄在 40~60岁为尘肺发病高峰期,应重视该阶段的尘肺防治工作,特别是职业健康监护工作。 Abstract:Objective To understand epidemiological characteristics of newly reported pneumoconiosis patients in Hunan Province from 2006 to 2010, and to provide a scientific basis for protective strategy against pneumoconiosis. Methods Patients information registered to the Hunan pneumoconiosis direct reporting system in 2006-2010, including basic information, types of work, types of pneumoconiosis, exposure time, onset age, pneumoconiosis stages, were entered into an Excel 2007 database and analyzed. Statistical tests (LSD-t test and one-way variance analysis) were performed by SPSS 16.0 statistical software. Results For stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ pneumoconiosis, the average exposure time was 16.9& #177;8.6, 16.3& #177;8.0, 17.7& #177;8.3 years respectively (F=7.764, P<0.05); the average onset age was 50.0& #177;9.7, 48.5& #177;8.3, and 51.1& #177;8.5 years, respectively (F=26.470, P<0.05). The incidence was mostly observed at the ages between 40 and 60, accounting for 73.41%. The youngest onset age was found in foundry workers' pneumoconiosis, 47.5& #177;8.8 years, the oldest was cement pneumoconiosis, 51.2& #177;10.5 years, the average onset age in various pneumoconiosis was 49.9& #177;9.4 years, and there were no significant differences in the onset ages among different types of work (F=0.714, P>0.05). The exposure time was mostly between 10 and 25 years, accounting for 60.19%, and the average of all cases studied was 16.8& #177;8.3 years; the shortest was silicosis, 13.9& #177;8.7 years, the longest was cement pneumoconiosis, 20.9& #177;7.5 years, and remarkable differences in the exposure time were found among different types of pneumoconiosis (F=69.798, P<0.05). Coal worker's pneumoconiosis accounted for 67.00% of all the cases. Conclusion The 40-to 60-year-old workers with exposure times ranged from 10-25 years are the key population for pneumoconiosis prevention and occupational health surveillance.
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