上海市医务人员职业暴露与防护现状调查
A Survey on Occupational Exposure and Preventive Measures in Medical Staff of Shanghai
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摘要:
目的 了解医务人员的职业环境、职业伤害与感染的发生情况,为医疗卫生事业改革与发展提供参考。 方法 2011年 3至 5月期间,以自行设计的调查问卷为工具,采用分层随机抽样方法,在上海市 18个区(县)抽取 13家不同类别和等级医院的医务人员。 结果 共调查 442例对象;护士占 40.5%,三级医院医务人员占 50.7%。个人防护用品的总使用率为 86.5%。受到被血污染的锐器刺伤后,59.7%的调查对象对血液来源进行追踪和检测,乙型肝炎病毒的检测阳性率最高(36.2%)。发生伤害最多的岗位是护士(50.8%),三级医院医务人员职业伤害发生率最高(45.1%)。受到伤害后仅有 47.3%的医务人员立即报告。 结论 医务人员不安全医疗行为普遍存在,且自我保护能力和意识不强,尤其是三级医院的护士。应采取有效措施降低医务人员的职业感染与伤害发生率。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the occupational environment and the incidence rates of occupational injury and infection among medical staff, so as to provide basis for healthcare reform and further development in China. Methods Medical staff at various levels in 13 Shanghai hospitals across different categories were selected by a stratified random sampling strategy and invited to complete a structured questionnaire in the period of March 2011 to May 2011. Results Four hundred and forty-two participants were enrolled to the survey, among which nursing staff accounted for 40.5% and participants from tertiary hospitals accounted for 50.7%. The utilization rate of personal protective equipment was 86.5%, and 59.7% of injury involving blood contamination objects reported tracing and testing the source of the contamination after injured by sharp instruments involoving blood contamination, in which the most common blood contamination was positive hepatitis B (36.2%). The nursing staff accounted for 50.8% and the tertiary hospital medical staff accounted for 45.1% among all the injury incidences, respectively. Only 47.3% of injured staff reported to the authority. Conclusion Unsafe behaviors widely occur among the medical staff investigated. Their self-protective ability and awareness are yet to be improved, especially nursing staff in tertiary hospitals. Effective actions should be implemented to protect them from occupational injury and infection.
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