无锡市放射诊疗专业工作人员健康状况
Health Status of Radiologists in Wuxi
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摘要:
目的 了解不同放射诊疗专业长期暴露于低剂量辐射环境中的工作人员健康状况,为保障放射工作人员的健康提供依据。 方法 研究对象为2006年1月-2010年12月无锡市53家医疗机构的389名放射诊疗专业工作人员。根据工作内容的不同,将其分为介入治疗组、放射技术组、放射诊断组以及放射治疗组,共4 组。按照放射工作人员职业健康体检规范要求,回顾性分析不同组别的工作人员健康检查结果。对比分析不同组别的工作人员在职业性外照射年个人剂量、异常症状和体征检出率以及血常规异常检出率的差异;并将不同组别的异常症状和体征检出率、血常规异常检出率分别与年个人剂量进行相关分析。 结果 2006-2010 年5 年间,无锡市放射诊疗专业外照射年个人剂量均小于年剂量当量限值(20 mSv),但不同工种之间的个人剂量有所不同,由高到低依次为:介入治疗组、放射技术组、放射诊断组、放射治疗组。不同组别间异常症状及体征的检出率是不同的,介入治疗组明显高于其他组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但是不同组别的异常症状及体征的检出率均与年个人剂量呈低度相关。不同组别间血常规异常的检出率是不同的,介入治疗组血常规异常检出率总体高于其他组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但是不同组别间血常规异常的检出率均与年个人剂量呈低度相关。 结论 不同放射诊疗专业的工作人员所受辐射剂量存在差异,异常症状及体征的检出率不但与累积剂量的增加有关,还与个体差异、生理等诸多因素有关,具有复杂性和多样性;从事介入治疗的放射工作人员异常症状及体征、外周血象的异常率明显高于其他专业者。辐射防护应当根据工作环境的不同,有针对性的加强,以保证长期暴露于低剂量电离辐射人员的健康。 Abstract:Objective To understand the health status of radiologists with different specialties after long-term low-dose radiation exposure, and to provide evidence for their health protection. Methods From January 2006 through December 2010, a total of 389 radiologists from 53 medical institutions in Wuxi were recruited and divided into intervention, radiological technology, radiodiagnosis, and radiation therapy groups. Their health examination results were retrospectively analyzed. A comparative study were performed to compare and determine annual occupational external radiation doses, positive rates of abnormal signs and symptoms, and abnormal rates in blood routine test among different groups. A correlation analysis was applied between the annual occupational external exposure doses and the abnormal rates. Results Over the 5 years studied, the annual external radiation doses of the subjects were less than the annual dose equivalent limit (20 mSv), and the individual doses of different groups were in a descending order as intervention group, radiological technology group, radiodiagnosis group, and radiation therapy group. The positive rates of abnormal symptoms and signs and the abnormal rates in blood routine test were different among different groups, in which the intervention group were significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). Those rates of different groups were slightly correlated with their annual individual doses. Conclusion Individual radiation doses vary with radiologists of different specialties. The positive rates of abnormal symptoms and signs are not only associated with the increment of cumulative doses, but also with individual differences and physiological factors. The abnormal symptoms and signs and the abnormal peripheral blood routine of the intervention group are significantly more than those of other professions. Enhanced radiation protection should be provided based on specific working conditions to ensure the health of radiologists with long-term exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation.
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