上海市浦东新区伤害流行特征和影响因素分析
Epidemiological Characteristics of Injuries and Their Influencing Factors in Pudong New Area, Shanghai
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摘要:
目的 掌握浦东新区社区伤害发生的流行特征和影响伤害流行的主要因素。 方法 采用二阶段无放回PPS整群抽样,组织实施以16 661名居民为对象的回顾性入户调查。以伤害发生率、伤害特征性构成和非条件logistic回归模型描述和分析伤害流行特征和相关危险因素。 结果 上海市浦东新区伤害发生率为1.72%,男女伤害发生率的比例为1.29:1;伤害发生主要地点是居所和街道公路;伤害发生时主要活动是家务和工作;伤害发生主要部位是下肢;伤害所致临床表现前3位依次为骨折>开放性伤>挤压伤;居前5位的伤害原因依次是跌倒/坠落>碰撞/挤压>交通事故>割伤/刺伤>烧烫伤。跌倒/坠落为各年龄段伤害发生的首位原因;睡眠时间少、使用精神类药物以及预防伤害知识知晓水平低是伤害发生的重要危险因素。 结论 伤害的发生涉及多类因素的协同作用,伤害防治不仅要从宏观上掌握伤害发生效应及原因的流行水平和特征,也要深入研究伤害相关、种类繁多的危险因素作用机制,并建立因地制宜的有效干预策略或措施;伤害数据的收集应该由专业机构伤害就诊监测、重点人群伤害监测与社区伤害调查互相补充。 Abstract:Objective To study the incidence of injuries and their epidemiological characteristics among residents in Pudong, and find out their influencing factors. Methods Retrospective survey was conducted in 16 661 residents through two-stage PPS cluster sampling without replacement method. The incidence and composition of injuries as well as non-conditional logistic regression models were used to describe their epidemiological characteristics and related risk factors. Results The in cidence rate of injuries was 1.72%. Male to female radio was 1.29:1. The major places where injuries occurred were at home and on street. The major activities when injuries occurred were housework and working. The major injured parts were lower limbs with the main clinical manifestations of fractures, open wounds and crush injuries. The top 5 causes were accidental falls, collisions, traffic accidents, cuts, and burns and scalds, in which accidental falling was the main cause for injury occurred in all age groups. Insufficient sleep, use of psychotropic drugs and low level of injury prevention knowledge were important risk factors for injury. Conclusion In order to prevent injuries, attention should be paid to not only its epidemiological characteristics, but also in-depth the wide variety of injury-related risk factors and their mechanisms, and then the establishment of local intervention strategies or measures. Data collection should be completed by the joint efforts of injury out-patient departments, injury surveillance for focused age and work groups, and community injury surveys.
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