上海闵行区城市供水水质健康风险评价
Health Risk Assessment on Urban Water Supply in Minhang District of Shanghai
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摘要:
目的 通过对水源水和出厂水的健康风险评价,阐述闵行区目前城市供水水质状况和对人体健康的影响。 方法 选取2009年上海市闵行区黄浦江和大治河城市供水水源地水和该地区水厂出厂水检测数据,应用环境健康风险评价模型对通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险进行评价。 结果 城市供水水质基因毒物质个人健康年风险以六价铬最大,砷次之,镉最小,六价铬与砷合计占该类年总风险的98.33%,风险值均高于部分机构推荐的最大可接受风险水平1& #215;10-6/a,而低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受值5& #215;10-5/a;躯体毒物质个人健康年风险按大小顺序依次为氟化物 > 铜 > 铅 > (硝酸盐、氨氮、铁、锰、汞) > 锌 > 氰化物 > 硒 > 挥发酚,其中氟化物、铜、铅合计占该类年总风险的78%以上,各毒物风险值均远低于国际机构推荐的最大可接受值1& #215;10-6/a,属于比较安全的范围;水质健康风险以基因毒物质为主,超过年总风险的99%。 结论 闵行区城市供水水质健康风险以基因毒物质六价铬与砷污染物为主,应加以优先检测与控制。 Abstract:Objective To assess the health risk in urban water supply and illustrate the condition of basic water quality according to monitoring data of source water and finished water in Minhang district of Shanghai. Methods According to the monitoring data of source water and finished water of the waterworks in Minhang District of Shanghai in 2009, health risk assessment was made with the environment-health risk assessment model. Results The person-year risk for chemical carcinogenetic substances with genetic toxicity in drinking water ranked from high risk to low risk as:chromium (Cr6+), arsenic (As)and cadmium (Cd). The risk casued by Cr6+ and As accounted for 98.33% of total risk of the carcinogenic substances. The total risk of the three carcinogenetic substances was higher than the maximal acceptable risk value recommended by World Health Organization (WHO)and Environment Protection Agency (EPA)and was lower than the maximal acceptable value of International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The person-year risk for chemicals with non-genetic toxicity ranked from high to low as F > Cu > Pb > (NO3-, NH3-N, Fe, Mn, Hg) > Zn > CN-1 > Se > Volatile phenol. The risk caused by F, Cu and Pb accounted for 78% of total risk for chemicals with nongenetic toxicity. The total risk for non-genetic toxic substances was far lower than the acceptable risk value recommended by WHO, EPA, and ICRP and was at a relative safe level. The health risk caused by genetic toxic substances accounted for a considerable proportion (99%)in total health risk. Conclusion The health risk of urban water supply in Minhang District of Shanghai is mainly caused by carcinogenetic substances with genetic toxicity such as Cr6+ and As, which should be controlled in high priority.
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