上海市生活饮用水水质指数研究
A Study of Drinking Water Quality Index in Shanghai
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摘要:
目的 探索建立适合上海实际的生活饮用水水质指数, 为生活饮用水信息化建设提供方法。 方法 对比不同水质指数的计算式和参数, 作适当修改, 并对上海市生活饮用水水质检测数据进行水质指数计算, 观察和分析各水质指数的合理性。 结果 利用 5种计算公式分别对上海市水质监测结果进行指数计算, 显示经修正的含"惩罚项"的指数计算方法, 所得指数能反映水质实际情况。利用五色等级法, 对不同公式所得指数以色彩表示, 同样验证了上述结果。 结论 提出以袁志彬法为基础, 根据新版《生活饮用水卫生标准》修正的含"惩罚项" 的指数计算方法, 既考虑了每个指标对指数的贡献, 又通过增加"惩罚项" 反映超标项目对生活饮用水水质的影响, 比较符合上海水质的实际情况。借鉴五色等级分类法, 还能使指数更简便易懂。 Abstract:Objective To establish a scientific and objective index of drinking water quality and to make it in accord with the actual situation in Shanghai. It may lay a foundation for the information construction of drinking water. Methods After the properties of drinking water quality in Shanghai were taken into consideration, proper water quality indices were chosen and then calculated by using water quality testing data in Shanghai into a theory based on the comparison and adjustment of several different calculating theories of water quality index. Results Five different water quality indices were calculated by using water quality testing data in Shanghai, the index calculated in the modified "penalty term" calculating method could reflect the actual situation of water quality. The above conclusion was also verified by the results of the five colors grade classification method. Conclusion The new index of drinking water quality should be calculated as follows:use the "penalty term" calculating method based on the YUAN Zhi-bin method and modified according to the new edition of "Standards for drinking water quality". This method accords with the actual situation of water quality in Shanghai in that the contribution of all the items to the index has been considered and the influence of exceed-limit-items on drinking water quality has been shown by adding ‘penalty term’. The new index is also easy to understand by taking the five colors grade classification method as reference.
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