上海市15~69岁人群吸烟流行现状与影响因素分析
Study on Smoking Pattern and Related Factors among Residents Aged 15-69 in Shanghai
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摘要:
目的 了解上海市 15~69岁人群的吸烟模式及相关因素。 方法 使用 2007年上海市慢性病及其危险因素监测调查数据, 对 17174名(男8072人, 女9102人)15岁及以上居民的吸烟行为, 包括吸烟率、现在吸烟率、常吸烟率、重型吸烟率、平均吸烟量等进行描述性分析, 采用非条件 Logistic回归分析吸烟行为的相关因素。 结果 总吸烟率、现在吸烟率、常吸烟率、重型吸烟率 4项指标, 男性分别为 61.8%、54.8%、48.5%、28.3%; 女性分别为 1.2%、1.0%、0.7%和 0.2%, 男女间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。开始吸烟的平均年龄为:男性 21.2岁、女性 31.6岁, 93.3%的男性吸烟者在 15~29岁开始吸烟, 女性开始吸烟的年龄相对较分散; 人均吸烟量为 16.4支/d; 现在吸烟者中认为吸烟会导致肺癌、心血管系统疾病、脑卒中、流产、低出生体重儿、白内障的比例分别为 83.8%、51.5%、47.3%、22.5%、21.7%、14.1%, 认为被动吸烟会导致肺癌、心血管系统疾病的比例分别为 79.2%、54.9%。与现在不吸烟者相比, 差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、职业和对吸烟危害的认识与态度等是吸烟的主要相关因素。 结论 上海市 15~69岁人群吸烟率仍处于相对较高的水平, 控烟工作仍需加强。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the rate of smoking and the related factors among residents aged 15-69 in Shanghai. Methods The data of 2007 Shanghai non-communicable diseases and behavioral risk factors surveillances survey were used for analysis. All together 17 174 subjects(male 8 072, female 9 102)aged 15-69 were involved. The descriptive analysis indices of smoking pattern included general smoking rate, current smoking rate, regular smoking rate, heavy smoking rate, and average number of cigarettes smoked per day. Non-conditional Logistic regression was used for analysis on related factors with smoking behavior. Results Rates of general smoking, current smoking, regular smoking and heavy smoking among male residents aged 15-69 were 61.8%, 54.8%, 48.5% and 28.3% respectively, those among females were 1.2%, 1.0%, 0.7% and 0.2%. There was significant difference between sex distribution. The average age of starting to smoke in male smokers was 21.2, whereas in females was 31.6. It showed that 93.3% of the male smokers started smoking at 15 to 29 years old, while the age distribution of onset of smoking among females was more scattered. The average cigarettes consumption per person was 16.4 cigarettes/d. The percentages of believing that smoking would result in lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, stroke, abortion, low birth weight infant, and cataract among current smoker were 83.8%, 51.5%, 47.3%, 22.5%, 21.7% and 14.1% respectively.The percentages of believing that passive smoking would result in lung cancer and cardiovascular disease among current smokers were 79.2% and 54.9%. These percentages were significantly different between smokers and non-smokers. Gender, age, occupation, education, marriage status, as well as knowledge and attitude on the harm of smoking to health were factors related to smoking. Conclusion Smoking is quite common in the residents aged 15-69 in Shanghai, especially in the males. The tobacco control should be reinforced.
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