新装修居室空气中甲醛和苯水平及其对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响
The Levels of Formaldehyde and Benzene in the Air of Newly Decorated Rooms and Their Effect on Bone Marrow Micronuclei of Mice
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摘要:
目的 了解泸州市新装修居室空气中甲醛和苯的污染状况, 以及两者单独、联合作用对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响。 方法 采用酚试剂及活性炭采样管分别采集泸州市内 57户新装修住宅(装修结束 6个月之内)室内空气,用可见光分光光度法及气相色谱法测定甲醛及苯的浓度, 并根据测定结果确定动物染毒基础剂量, 应用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验观察甲醛及苯单独、联合染毒对小鼠骨髓细胞的致突变作用。 结果 简单装修组甲醛及苯的平均浓度分别为 0.203 mg/m3及 0.135 mg/m3, 最高浓度分别为 0.780 mg/m3、0.450 mg/m3, 分别超过国家标准 9.75倍和 5倍; 复杂装修组甲醛及苯的平均浓度分别为 0.331 mg/m3、0.222 mg/m3, 最高浓度分别为 1.039 mg/m3、0.660 mg/m3, 分别超标 12.99倍、7.33倍; 室内甲醛、苯浓度有随装修时间的延长明显下降的趋势(P < 0.005)。基础剂量组甲醛、苯单独及联合作用所引起的小鼠骨髓细胞微核率(MNCF)与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。而高于基础剂量组 10倍、20倍组, 无论是单独还是联合作用所引起的小鼠 MNCF与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.005); 联合作用所引起的 MNCF明显高于单独作用(P < 0.005)。 结论 泸州市内新装修居室空气中甲醛及苯的浓度明显超标, 复杂装修污染程度更加严重。较高浓度的甲醛、苯单独及联合作用均可造成小鼠 MNCF升高。 Abstract:Objective To explore the formaldehyde and benzene concentrations in the air of newly decorated rooms in Luzhou and to study the genotoxicity of them to mice. Methods The formaldehyde and benzene in the room air were collected with phenol reagent and active carbon. The concentration of formaldehyde was determined by spectrophotometic method, and the concentration of benzene was determined by gas chromatography. The concentrations(fundamental doses)to which the mice were exposed were formulated by the average concentrations of formaldehyde and benzene in the decorated room air. The genotoxicities of formaldehyde, benzene and those together were detected by mice bone marrow micronuclei tes(t MNCF). Results The average concentrations of formaldehyde and benzene in the air of newly simple decorated rooms were 0.203 mg/m3 and 0.135 mg/m3. The highest concentrations were 0.780 mg/m3 and 0.450 mg/m3, higher than the national standard for room air by 9.75 times and 5 times respectively. The average concentrations of formaldehyde and benzene in the newly luxury decorated rooms were 0.331mg/m3 and 0.222 mg/m3, the highest concentrations were 1.039 mg/m3 and 0.660 mg/m3, higher than the national standard for room air by 12.99 times and 7.33 times respectively. The concentrations of formaldehyde and benzene in the air of newly decorated rooms tended to decrease as the time went by. There was no significant difference in the MNCF between the fundamental dose experimental groups and the control group, however, significant increments were observed in the 10 times and 20 times experimental groups. Conclusion The formaldehyde and benzene pollutions are very serious in the air of newly decorated rooms in Luzhou, and even more serious in luxury decorated rooms. These pollutants may cause mutagenic changes to mice bone marrow cells.
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