上海市成年人膳食中镉暴露水平评估
Dietary Cadmium Exposure Assessment in Shanghai Adult Residents
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摘要:
目的 了解上海市成年人膳食中镉暴露的基础数据,评估上海市成年人膳食镉暴露风险。 方法 对上海市16类1680件市售食品中镉含量进行分层随机抽样监测,对上海市1368名成年人膳食摄入量多阶段随机抽样调查,应用世界卫生组织推荐的食品中化学污染物膳食暴露点评估方法,对上海市成年居民膳食中镉暴露水平进行评估。 结果 上海市成年人平均每周膳食中镉暴露量为0.1494 mg/人,占暂定每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)的34.56%。上海市成年人每周膳食中镉暴露量中位数为0.0324 mg/人,占PTWI的7.50%。上海市成年人每周膳食中镉暴露量(膳食摄入量P90、极端P90)分别为0.2879 mg/人和0.9372 mg/人,分别占PTWI的66.59%和216.80%。 结论 上海市成年人膳食中镉暴露水平正常情况下低于PTWI,但仍有进一步降低必要。 Abstract:Objective To obtain the data base of dietary cadmium exposure level in Shanghai adult residents, and to estimate its risk to them. Methods Data that reflect the concentration of cadmium in food were collected from stratified random sampling monitoring programs in Shanghai involved 1 680 food samples in 16 categories. Food consumption data were obtained from multi-stage sampling survey of dietary intake in 1 368 Shanghai adult residents. The point estimates of dietary exposure assessment of chemicals in food method recommended by World Health Organization was applied for dietary exposure assessment of cadmium in food for this survey. Results The average and median dietary cadmium exposure of Shanghai adult residents per week were estimated to be 0.149 4 mg per person and 0.032 4 mg per person, reached 34.56% and 7.50% of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The upper 90th percentile (P90) dietary intake and the P90 maximun of dietary cadmium exposure of these people per week were estimated to be 0.287 9 mg per person and 0.937 2 mg per person, reached 66.59% and 216.80% of PTWI respectively. Conclusion Although the level of dietary cadmium exposure of Shanghai adult residents was usually lower than PTWI, it should be decreased to a further lower level.
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