上海市售克氏原螯虾中铅、镉污染及摄入量调查
Survey on the Content and Intake of Lead and Cadmium in Crayfsh from Market in Shanghai
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摘要:
目的 了解上海市售克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii,小龙虾)的铅、镉污染状况及人群中小龙虾食用情况,调查食用小龙虾所致铅、镉摄入量。 方法 以分层随机抽样法采集小龙虾样品75件,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行样品检测;应用食物频率表法调查本市户籍人口600人的小龙虾食用情况;建立摄入量评估模型计算铅、镉摄入量。 结果 小龙虾躯干内铅、镉含量平均值分别为0.106 mg/kg和0.009 mg/kg。枯水期及野生小龙虾躯干内铅含量的90分位数(P90)超出国际食品法典委员会(CAC)限量标准,分别显著高于丰水期和人工养殖的小龙虾躯干内铅含量;头部中镉含量的P90超出CAC限量标准,明显高于躯干内镉含量,差异均有统计学意义,P < 0.05。小龙虾的主要食用人群以青年为主,年食用量平均值为1.79 kg,未成年人和老年人食用较少,差异有统计学意义,P < 0.05。人群食用小龙虾,周摄入铅、镉量的平均值分别为0.122 μg/kg、0.010 μg/kg,分别占暂定每周容许摄入量(PTWI)的0.49%和0.15%;未成年人铅摄入量的平均值为0.208 μg/kg,占PTWI 0.83%,青年人食用小龙虾,铅摄入量的P90为0.357 μg/kg,占PTWI的1.43%;老年人食用小龙虾,铅、镉摄入量上限值仅分别占PTWI的0.09%和0.06%。 结论 未成年人、青年人中食用小龙虾的铅摄入量较高,存在着对人体健康造成危害的风险。食用小龙虾的镉摄入量处于较安全的水平。 Abstract:Objective To study the content of lead and cadmium in market crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), and assess the amount of intake from dietary consumption of crayfish in Shanghai. Methods Total of 75 crayfish samples were collected according to stratified random sampling, and the samples were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Crayfish consumption was assessed by questionnaire on dietary habit of crayfish among 600 local residents. Then, lead and cadmium intakes were assessed through dietary intake assessment model. Results The average concentrations of lead and cadmium in crayfish body were 0.106 mg/kg and 0.009 mg/kg. The P90 of lead in wild crayfish in low stream season exceeded the Codex Alimentarius Commission(CAC)standard, which was much higher than that in cultural crayfish in high stream season. The P90 of cadmium in crayfish head exceeded the CAC standard, which was higher than content in body (P < 0.05). The mean weight of yearly crayfish consumption in the youth was 1.79 kg, which was higher than in adolecent and the elderly (P < 0.05). The means of weekly lead and cadmium intake due to taken crayfish were 0.122 μg/kg and 0.010 μg/kg, at 0.49% and 0.15% of PTWI (provisional tolerable weekly intake), respectively. The mean lead intake in adolecent and P90 in the youth ware 0.208 μg/kg and 1.43 μg/kg, at 0.83% and 1.43% of PTWI, respectively. The upper limit of lead and cadmium intake in the elderly were at 0.09% and 0.06% of PTWI. Conclusion Lead intake due to crayfish consumption in adolecent and youth was high, which would be risky to health. Cadmium intake due to crayfish consumption was in safe level.
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