职业卫生监督分类及量化分级管理模式的探讨
On the Categorization and Quantified Classification Administration Mode in Occupational Health Supervision
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摘要:
目的 试将职业卫生监督分类及量化分级办法管理引入上海市职业卫生监管之中,并分析验证其效能。 方法 根据《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》和《上海市职业卫生监督分类及量化分级管理办法》,与日常监督管理资料、专家评判相结合,制定分类及量化分级指标,对上海市12932家存在职业病危害因素的企业进行分类及量化分级,并作初步验证。 结果 评级企业中属于一般职业病危害程度的用人单位有10274家,占总数的79.4%,属于严重职业病危害程度的用人单位2658家,占总数的20.6%。以职业卫生等级A、B、C分别表示其状况为优、中、差,总体上一般和严重职业病危害评为B级的企业分别占各自类别的61.3%和53.5%,基本呈现"中间大,两头小"的"纺锤形"构造,而A、B两级合计均超过各自类别的80%。 结论 分类及量化分级的方法是建立职业卫生监管长效机制的重要手段,也是实现由静态的定性管理向动态的定性定量相结合管理模式转变的重要举措。 Abstract:Objective To make an attempt in introducing the categorization and quantified classification administration mode in occupational health supervision into Shanghai municipal occupational health supervising, and to analyze as well as to examine its effectivity. Methods Indices for categorization and quantified classification were developed pursuant to Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Measures of Shanghai Municipality on the Administration over Categorization and Quantified Classification in Occupational Health Supervision, together based on the database of daily supervision and administration, and experts' professional judgments. The foregoing indices were applied to categorize and classify the 12932 enterprises existing occupational diseases hazard in Shanghai and then primary examination was made. Results Among the classified enterprises, 10 274 were classified as the existing ordinary occupational diseases hazard, accounting for 79.4% of the total, while 2 658 classified as existing severe occupational diseases hazard, accounting for 20.6%. Using grade A, B and C of occupational health grading system to respectively indicate their conditions as good, median and bad, the enterprises graded as B accounted for 61.3% of all those classified as existing ordinary occupational diseases hazard while 53.5% of those classified as existing severe hazard, presenting a ‘spindle-shaped’ mode with ‘big in the middle and small at the two ends’. However, the total number of the enterprises graded as A plus B accounted for over 80% of either classification (existing ordinary or severe occupational diseases hazard). Conclusion The categorization and quantified classification method is an important tool not only for establishing the long-term effective mechanism for occupational health supervision, but also in realizing the transition in administration mode from static and qualitative administration to dynamic, qualitative and quantitative administration.
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