徐振杰, 张洪轩, 李程程. 2014—2018年大连市农村饮用水水质变化趋势[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(10): 1145-1149. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21090
引用本文: 徐振杰, 张洪轩, 李程程. 2014—2018年大连市农村饮用水水质变化趋势[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(10): 1145-1149. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21090
XU Zhenjie, ZHANG Hongxuan, LI Chengcheng. Trends of drinking water quality in rural areas of Dalian from 2014 to 2018[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(10): 1145-1149. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21090
Citation: XU Zhenjie, ZHANG Hongxuan, LI Chengcheng. Trends of drinking water quality in rural areas of Dalian from 2014 to 2018[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(10): 1145-1149. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21090

2014—2018年大连市农村饮用水水质变化趋势

Trends of drinking water quality in rural areas of Dalian from 2014 to 2018

  • 摘要: 背景

    随着农村人居环境的日益改善,饮水安全问题成为公众关注的热点。

    目的

    通过对大连市近年来农村饮用水进行监测,分析水质变化趋势,为促进农村改水工作提供科学依据。

    方法

    2014—2018年对大连市425家农村水厂饮用水进行33项常规指标监测,每年枯水期、丰水期各监测1次,采集枯水期、丰水期的出厂水和末梢水各1份,共1700份水样。

    结果

    425家水厂,合格率为68.47%;1 700份水样,合格率为72.12%。不同年度检测水样合格率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001):2015年低于2014年,2015年以后,水样合格率呈上升的趋势。丰水期水样合格率(67.18%)低于枯水期(77.06%)(P < 0.001);出厂水、末梢水水样合格率差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);不同水源水样的合格率差异有统计学意义(P=0.010),以浅井为水源的水样合格率较高(77.56%);不同水处理方式的水样合格率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001),常规处理的合格率最高(90.38%)。单项指标合格率较低的依次是总大肠菌群、硝酸盐、菌落总数、肉眼可见物、浑浊度、氯化物,合格率分别为85.12%、90.00%、93.12%、98.18%、98.47%、98.94%。

    结论

    大连农村地区2015年以后水样合格率逐步改善。微生物指标和硝酸盐是农村饮用水水质合格率较低的主要指标。

     

    Abstract: Background

    With the improvement of rural living environment, drinking water safety has become a hot issue of public concern.

    Objective

    Through monitoring the drinking water quality in rural areas of Dalian in recent years, this study analyzes the trend of drinking water quality and provides scientific evidence to improve the quality of rural drinking water.

    Methods

    From 2014 to 2018, 33 indicators of drinking water quality from 425 rural water plants in Dalian were monitored, twice a year, once in dry season and once in wet season. A total of 1 700 water samples were collected, including one finished water sample and one tap water sample in dry season and wet season respectively.

    Results

    Of the 425 water plants monitored, the qualified rate was 68.47%; of the 1 700 water samples tested, the qualified rate was 72.12%. The difference of qualified rate among water samples tested in different years was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The qualified rate in 2015 was lower than that in 2014, and increased since 2015. The qualified rate in wet season (67.18%) was significantly lower than that in dry season (77.06%)(P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the qualified rate of water samples from finished water and tap water (P > 0.05). The qualified rate of water samples from shallow wells (77.56%) was higher than that from other water sources (P=0.010). The effect of conventional water treatment was the best (qualifred rate, 90.38%; P < 0.001). Total coli form (85.12%), nitrate (90.00%), total number of colonies (93.12%), visible substances (98.18%), turbidity (98.47%), and chloride (98.94%) were the indicators with lower qualified rates.

    Conclusion

    Some achievements have been made in water improvement in rural areas of Dalian as the qualified rate of water samples is increasing. Besides, microbes and nitrate are the main indicators showing low qualified rates of drinking water in rural areas.

     

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