范淑玲. “十三五”期间我国地方性氟中毒防制现状[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(12): 1219-1223. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20274
引用本文: 范淑玲. “十三五”期间我国地方性氟中毒防制现状[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(12): 1219-1223. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20274
FAN Shu-ling. Current prevention and control of endemic fluorosis during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan in China[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(12): 1219-1223. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20274
Citation: FAN Shu-ling. Current prevention and control of endemic fluorosis during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan in China[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(12): 1219-1223. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20274

“十三五”期间我国地方性氟中毒防制现状

Current prevention and control of endemic fluorosis during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan in China

  • 摘要:

    地方性氟中毒(简称地氟病)是我国较为严重的地方病之一,为有效防控地氟病的发生与流行,原国家卫生计生委、国家发展改革委、财政部编制了《“十三五”全国地方病防治规划》(2016—2020年)(简称“十三五”规划),要求各地依法全面落实地方病防治措施,稳步推进地氟病的控制与消除工作,巩固防治成果。本研究根据检索到的最新文献资料,总结“十三五”规划颁布以来我国地氟病区防制现状,介绍“十三五”规划期间我国天津、福建、山西、吉林、甘肃、辽宁、青海、山东、河南等饮水型氟中毒病区防制现状;贵州、陕西、云南、湖北等燃煤型氟中毒病区防制现状;西藏、四川、青海、内蒙古、宁夏、新疆、甘肃等饮茶型氟中毒病区地氟病防制现状。资料显示,我国饮水型氟中毒防治工作取得了明显成效,大部分氟病区改水率超过90%,但部分病区改水合格率较低;燃煤型氟中毒病区炉灶改良率大部分提高至90%以上,但部分病区改良合格率没有达到90%;大部分饮茶型氟中毒病区砖茶氟含量仍高于国家茶氟标准,氟暴露程度较高。对8~12岁儿童进行氟斑牙筛选,发现饮水型病区患病率差异较大,其中,患病率 < 8%的省份有福建省、辽宁省;接近控制标准(30%)的省份有山西省、吉林省、青海省、山东省;未达到控制标准的有天津市、甘肃省、河南省。燃煤型氟病区与饮茶型氟病区氟斑牙患病率均达到控制标准,可能与当地儿童食用熏制辣椒较少及饮用砖茶水较少有关。我国地氟病防制工作取得了一定进展,但一部分病区并未达到控制或消除标准,今后地氟病防制工作应该继续依法、有针对性地开展。

     

    Abstract:

    Endemic fluorosis is one of the serious endemic diseases in China. In order to effectively prevent and control the development and prevalence of endemic fluorosis, the former National Health and Family Planning Commission, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance formulated the "Thirteenth Five-Year National Plan on Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control" (2016-2020), and called on all local authorities to enforce endemic disease prevention and control measures in accordance with the law, to steadily promote the control and elimination of endemic fluorosis, and to consolidate the achievements of prevention and control work. Based on the latest literature, this paper summarized efforts of endemic fluorosis prevention and control in China since the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan was promulgated, including drinking-water fluorosis areas (such as Tianjin, Fujian, Shanxi, Jilin, Gansu, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shandong, Henan, etc.), coal-burning fluorosis areas (such as Guizhou, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Hubei, etc.), and drinking-tea fluorosis areas (such as Tibet, Sichuan, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Gansu, etc.). The prevention and control of drinking-water fluorosis in China has achieved remarkable results:in most of the fluorosis areas the water defluorination rate is more than 90%; in coal-burning fluorosis areas the stove improvement rate is mostly more than 90%; in most drinking-tea fluorosis areas the fluoride levels of brick tea are still higher than the national tea fluoride standard, indicating a high fluoride exposure level. A screening of children aged 8-12 years with dental fluorosis found that the prevalence of drinking water-type disease areas was quite different. Among them, the provinces with prevalence < 8% were Fujian and Liaoning Province; the provinces close to the control standard (30%) were Shanxi, Jilin, Qinghai, and Shandong Province; Tianjin, Gansu and Henan Province that did not meet the control standards. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the coal-burning fluorosis area and the drinking-tea fluorosis area had reached the control standard, which may be related to the fact that local children consume less smoked spicy and drink less tea. Progress have been made in the prevention and control of endemic fluorosis in China, but some endemic areas have not met the control or elimination standards. The results suggest continuing targeted prevention and control of endemic fluorosis in accordance with law.

     

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