王凯, 张霞, 张琳, 苏瑾. 某市地铁车站PM2.5和PM10浓度的时空分布特征[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(9): 853-857. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20193
引用本文: 王凯, 张霞, 张琳, 苏瑾. 某市地铁车站PM2.5和PM10浓度的时空分布特征[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(9): 853-857. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20193
WANG Kai, ZHANG Xia, ZHANG Lin, SU Jin. Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 in metro stations in a city[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(9): 853-857. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20193
Citation: WANG Kai, ZHANG Xia, ZHANG Lin, SU Jin. Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 in metro stations in a city[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(9): 853-857. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20193

某市地铁车站PM2.5和PM10浓度的时空分布特征

Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 in metro stations in a city

  • 摘要: 背景

    地铁环境相对密闭,人流量大,容易造成各种污染物累积而导致空气质量恶化,并影响人体健康。我国目前尚未制定相应的卫生标准。

    目的

    了解轨道交通地铁车站PM2.5和PM10浓度,为今后制定卫生管控措施以及为制定标准限值提供建议。

    方法

    选取某市19座地铁车站,分别于夏季(2018年8月)、秋季(2018年11月)、冬季(2019年1月)任意一个工作日的7:00-11:00(含早高峰时段2 h和平峰时段2 h)或15:00-19:00(含晚高峰时段2 h和平峰时段2 h),同时对车站站台、隧道和室外环境的PM2.5和PM10连续监测4 h。监测点高度为1.0~1.5 m。使用粉尘浓度测量仪以每5 min计数1次的频率进行连续监测,并获得5 min平均浓度。所得监测结果分别按不同位置、不同季节和不同时段等进行比较,并分析颗粒物浓度区间分布特征,采用时间加权法计算15 min暴露浓度。

    结果

    本次所测地铁站台PM2.5的质量浓度(下称浓度)范围为25~275μg·m-3MP25P75)为71(54,97)μg·m-3;站台PM10的浓度范围为40~582μg·m-3MP25P75)为112(87,151)μg·m-3。隧道区域PM2.5和PM10的浓度分别为室外的1.42倍和1.69倍,站台PM2.5和PM10浓度分别为室外的1.34倍和1.58倍(P < 0.05)。夏季站台PM2.5的浓度最高,分别是秋、冬季的1.16倍和1.03倍(P < 0.05);夏季PM10浓度也为最高,分别是秋、冬季的1.20倍和1.02倍(P < 0.05)。同时,早高峰时段站台PM2.5和PM10的浓度最高(P < 0.05),MP25P75)分别为84(61,114)μg·m-3和128(98,174)μg·m-3。若按15 min暴露剂量预估,早高峰站台PM2.5和PM10暴露浓度比同一时段下室外浓度分别高8.0 μg·m-3和40.5 μg·m-3。站台PM2.5浓度集中在0~100 μg·m-3内,占全部样本的78.0%;站台PM10浓度集中在0~150 μg·m-3内,占74.7%;且站台PM2.5和PM10具有高度相关性(r=0.927,P < 0.001),PM2.5/PM10值为0.63。

    结论

    本次所测地铁车站PM2.5和PM10浓度均高于室外环境浓度。其中,隧道内PM2.5和PM10污染最严重,该污染可能由列车运行产生大量的颗粒物所致,并会影响站台环境。

     

    Abstract: Background

    Accumulation of various pollutants in confined and crowded metro stations will deteriorate the air quality and affect passengers' health. Sanitary standards for metro carriages have not been established in China.

    Objective

    The study is designed to investigate the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in metro stations, and to provide evidence for proposing sanitary control strategies and standard limits for the metro system.

    Methods

    PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations at underground platforms, in tunnels, and outdoors of 19 selected metro stations in a city were measured for continuously 4 h at the same time during 7:00-11:00 (including 2 h of morning rush and 2 h of non-rush) or 15:00-19:00 (including 2 h of evening rush and 2 h of non-rush) of any one workday in summer (August 2018), autumn (November 2018), and winter (January 2019). The height of monitoring points was 1.0-1.5 m from the floor. Continuous monitoring of the pollutants was conducted with a dust concentration detector which recorded one data point per 5 min, and an average concentration was calculated. The results were compared by different locations, seasons, operation hours, and concentration intervals; the 15min time-weighted concentration was calculated.

    Results

    The concentration of PM2.5 ranged from 25 to 275 μg·m-3 at underground platforms, and the median (P25, P75) concentration was 71 (54, 97) μg·m-3; while the concentration of PM10 at underground platforms ranged from 40 to 582 μg·m-3, and the median (P25, P75) concentration was 112 (87, 151) μg·m-3. The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in tunnels were 1.42 times and 1.69 times higher than those outdoors, while the concentrations at underground platforms were 1.34 times and 1.58 times higher than those outdoors (P < 0.05). The concentration of PM2.5 at underground platforms in summer were 1.16 times and 1.03 times higher than those in autumn and winter, respectively (P < 0.05); the concentration of PM10 at underground platforms in summer were 1.20 times and 1.02 times higher than those in autumn and winter, respectively (P < 0.05). The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in morning rush hours were the highest (P < 0.05), and the median (P25, P75) values were 84 (61, 114) μg·m-3 and 128 (98, 174) μg·m-3, respectively. As estimated by 15 min exposure, the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations at underground platforms in morning rush hours were 8.0 μg·m-3 and 40.5 μg·m-3 higher than those outdoors at the same time. The concentration of PM2.5 at underground platforms was largely distributed from 0 to 100 μg·m-3, which accounted for 78.0% of total samples, while the concentration of PM10 was mainly distributed from 0 to 150 μg·m-3, which accounted for 74.7%. A strong correlation between PM2.5 and PM10 at underground platforms was observed (r=0.927, P < 0.001), and the PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.63.

    Conclusion

    The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 measured in selected metro stations are higher than those outdoors. PM2.5 and PM10 pollution in tunnels are most serious, which might be caused by the emissions from the metro train system and could adversely affect the platform environment.

     

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