PM2.5暴露下皮肤损伤评价方法研究进展
Evaluation methods of skin damage under PM2.5 exposure: A review of recent studies
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摘要:
PM2.5作为目前国内大气污染物的代表物质，其颗粒直径小，易于透过皮肤或黏膜组织进入体内，造成人体呼吸系统和心脑血管系统的损伤。皮肤作为人体面积最大的器官，也是接触PM2.5等污染物的第一道屏障。暴露于一定剂量的污染物会使皮肤出现敏感、老化等现象。PM2.5对于皮肤和体内器官的损伤途径不同，为研究PM2.5暴露下皮肤的损伤机理及药物的修复机制，需选择合适的实验模型。本文综述PM2.5对皮肤的损伤途径，并列举PM2.5暴露下皮肤损伤的评价方法及其原理、适用性。评价方法包括体内法和体外法。体内法包括小鼠模型评价、人体暴露评价（使用烟雾模拟器）；体外法包括PM2.5溶液染毒、动态气体染毒、细胞共培养染毒模型、气液界面细胞暴露培养这四种基于细胞生物学、毒理学的实验方法，并对上述研究方法的优劣进行比较，以期为PM2.5暴露下皮肤的损伤机理的研究提供参考。
Abstract: As a representatve substance of current atmospheric pollutants in China, PM2.5 has a small partcle diameter and can penetrate through skin or mucosal tssues, which may cause damage to the respiratory system and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system in human body. The skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system and the frst barrier to contact with pollutants such as PM2.5. Skin exposure to certain doses of pollutants may cause skin sensitzaton and aging. Considering that PM2.5 has different routes to cause damage to the skin and internal organs, appropriate experimental models are needed to study the mechanism of skin damage and the mechanism of drug repair under PM2.5 exposure. This artcle reviewed the paths of PM2.5 damage to the skin, and enumerated the existng methods for evaluatng skin damage under PM2.5 exposure as well as their principles and applicability. The evaluaton methods were classifed into in vivo and in vitro methods. The in vivo methods included mouse model evaluation and human exposure evaluaton (using smoke simulator); the in vitro methods included PM2.5 soluton exposure, dynamic inhalaton exposure, cell co-culture exposure model, and air-liquid interface cell exposure model, based on cell biology and toxicology. The artcle compared the advantages and disadvantages of above experimental methods, aiming to provide reference for the study of the damage mechanism of skin exposed to PM2.5.
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