银川市蔬菜温棚从业者农药使用行为对呼吸系统疾病的影响
Effects of pesticide use behavior on respiratory diseases of vegetable greenhouse workers
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摘要:
背景 我国居民蔬菜需求量大，温棚因具有保暖、保温的功能得到广泛应用；但是温棚具有高温、高湿、密闭等特点，导致棚内喷洒的农药易通过呼吸道和皮肤接触进入人体，从而对种植者身体健康造成不良影响。
目的 了解银川市蔬菜温棚从业者呼吸系统健康状况，分析温棚从业者呼吸系统疾病的影响因素。
方法 2015-2017年，从银川市17个种植温棚蔬菜的村落中，根据地理位置编号，随机抽取4个村落，然后从每个村落随机抽取1个居民小组，根据纳入和排除标准，确定共计900名温棚从业者作为调查样本。通过问卷调查的方式获取银川市蔬菜温棚从业者的一般人口学特征、生活习惯及农药使用行为及呼吸系统疾病患病情况。回收有效问卷885名，有效回收率98.3%。运用逐步logistic回归分析从业者呼吸系统疾病的影响因素。
结果 呼吸系统疾病者检出86人，检出率为9.7%。男性呼吸系统疾病检出率为11.8%，高于女性的7.5%（χ2=4.840，P < 0.05）。59.9%的温棚从业者文化程度为小学和文盲水平，40岁及以上者占总人群的77.3%；732人没有锻炼习惯，占82.7%。吸烟者检出率高于非吸烟者（12.5%、7.7%；χ2=5.796，P < 0.05），饮酒者检出率高于非饮酒者（20.4%、3.9%；χ2=4.077，P < 0.05），不同工作姿势组间检出率差异具有统计学意义（χ2=10.914，P < 0.05）。逐步logistic回归分析发现，相对于看见虫害就喷洒农药的行为，定期喷洒农药的行为对于温棚从业者是一保护性因素，其呼吸系统疾病的检出风险（OR及其95% CI）为0.545（0.314~0.946）；而其他人口学特征、生活习惯及农药使用行为的OR均未显示统计学意义。
结论 温棚从业者定期喷洒农药行为可对其呼吸系统产生一定的影响。
Abstract:Background There is a large demand for vegetables in China. Greenhouses are widely used for its function of keeping warm. However, pesticides sprayed in the enclosed sheds with high temperature and high humidity may enter workers' body through respiratory tract and skin contact, which may cause adverse health effects.
Objective This study is conducted to understand the respiratory system health of greenhouse practitioners in Yinchuan, and explore the influencing factors of respiratory diseases.
Methods According to geographical location code, four villages were randomly selected out of 17 villages with vegetable greenhouses installed in Yinchuan each year from 2015 to 2017. Then, a resident group was randomly selected from each village, and a total of 900 greenhouse workers were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Their general demographic characteristics, living habits, pesticide use behavior, and prevalence of respiratory diseases were obtained by a questionnaire survey. A total of 885 valid questionnaires (98.3%) were returned. The influencing factors of respiratory diseases of the greenhouse practitioners were analyzed by stepwise logistic regression.
Results There were 86 patients reporting respiratory diseases (9.7%). The prevalence rate of respiratory diseases in male workers was 11.8%, higher than that in female workers (7.5%) (χ2=4.840, P < 0.05). Most greenhouse workers had a primary school education or below (59.9%), were at or over 40 years of age (77.3%), and did not have exercise habit (82.7%). The prevalence rate of respiratory diseases was higher among smokers than among non-smokers (12.5% vs 7.7%, χ2=5.796, P < 0.05) and higher among drinkers than among non-drinkers (20.4% vs 3.9%, χ2=4.077, P < 0.05). The prevalence rates of respiratory diseases among groups with different working postures were significantly different (χ2=10.914, P < 0.05). Compared with spraying pesticides when spotting pests, spraying regularly was a protective factor of respiratory diseases for the greenhouse workers (OR=0.545, 95% CI:0.314-0.946); no significant ORs were found for the other demographic characteristics, living habits, and pesticide use behaviors.
Conclusion The behavior of regular spraying of pesticides on workers in warm sheds will have a certain effect on their respiratory system.
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