孔令燕, 巢健茜, 胡婕, 蔡瑞雪, 王滢鹏. 南京市社区老年人营养不良和减重风险对生命质量的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(9): 841-846. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.19117
引用本文: 孔令燕, 巢健茜, 胡婕, 蔡瑞雪, 王滢鹏. 南京市社区老年人营养不良和减重风险对生命质量的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(9): 841-846. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.19117
KONG Ling-yan, CHAO Jian-qian, HU Jie, CAI Rui-xue, WANG Ying-peng. Effects of malnutrition and weight loss risk on quality of life of elderly group in Nanjing communites[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(9): 841-846. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.19117
Citation: KONG Ling-yan, CHAO Jian-qian, HU Jie, CAI Rui-xue, WANG Ying-peng. Effects of malnutrition and weight loss risk on quality of life of elderly group in Nanjing communites[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(9): 841-846. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.19117

南京市社区老年人营养不良和减重风险对生命质量的影响

Effects of malnutrition and weight loss risk on quality of life of elderly group in Nanjing communites

  • 摘要: 背景 老年人是慢性病患病率高且营养不良风险大的群体,目前国内外对临床病人营养状况和食欲的关注较多,而对于社区居民营养状况和食欲的调查较少。

    目的 了解南京市社区老年人的营养状况和食欲状况,探讨老年人营养不良及减重风险与生命质量的关系。

    方法 2017年3-12月,在南京市随机抽取5个社区医院,对医院内常规体检的60岁及以上的老年人进行随机抽样,共获得506个有效样本。对研究对象进行问卷调查和体质测量,采用简易营养评价精法(MNA-SF)评价营养不良风险,采用简化营养食欲调查问卷(SNAQ)反映减重风险,采用健康调查简表(SF-36)评估生命质量。使用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,比较不同营养不良风险和减重风险的研究对象生命质量各维度及生理内容和心理内容综合测量的差异,使用逐步线性回归分别分析生理内容、心理内容综合测量状况的影响因素。

    结果 506名老年人平均年龄为(71.25±6.24)岁;5.9%(30/506)营养不良,35.8%(181/506)存在营养不良风险,30.0%(152/506)的老年人存在减重风险。研究对象生命质量总分为(72.58±11.36)分,生理内容综合测量得分为(72.62±11.43)分,心理内容综合测量得分为(72.54±14.11)分。受教育水平较高、无减重风险者生理内容综合测量得分较高(均P < 0.05)。而年龄较大、慢性病患病种数较多、营养不良者生理内容综合测量得分较低(均P < 0.001)。营养良好对心理内容综合测量量表得分具有积极作用(P < 0.001),存在减重风险和慢性病种数较多对其心理内容综合测量量表得分具有负面影响(均P < 0.001)。

    结论 老年人的营养不良和食欲状况是生命质量的影响因素。

     

    Abstract: Background The elderly is a group with high prevalence of chronic diseases and high risk of malnutriton. At present, more atenton has been paid to the nutritonal status and appette of patents than to community residents.

    Objective The purpose of this study is to understand the nutritional status and appetite of the elderly in Nanjing communities and to explore the relationships of quality of life with malnutriton and weight loss risk of the elderly.

    Methods From March 2017 to December 2017, data were collected in fve randomly selected community hospitals in Nanjing, where elderly residents who were aged 60 years and above and had routne physical examinaton took part in the study, and a total of 506 valid samples were obtained. The subjects were surveyed by questionnaires and investigated for anthropometric measurements. The risk of malnutriton was assessed by Mini-Nutritonal Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF), the risk of weight loss was assessed by Short Nutritonal Assessment Questonnaire (SNAQ), and the quality of life was assessed by 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36). SPSS 22.0 sofware was used for statstcal analysis to compare the differences of life quality dimensions, physiological comprehensive measurement, and psychological comprehensive measurement of subjects with different risks of malnutriton and risks of weight loss. Stepwise linear regression analysis was adopted to evaluate the influencing factors of physiological and psychological comprehensive measurements.

    Results Among the 506 elderly subjects, the average age was (71.25±6.24) years; 5.9% (30/506) were malnourished, 35.8% (181/506) were at risk of malnutrition, and 30.0% (152/506) were at risk of weight loss. The total score of quality of life of the subjects was 72.58±11.36, the score of physiological comprehensive measurement was 72.62±11.43, and the score of psychological comprehensive measurement was 72.54±14.11. The elderly with higher educaton level and no risk of weight loss had higher scores of physiological comprehensive measurement (Ps < 0.05); those with older age, multiple chronic diseases, and malnutrition had lower scores of physiological comprehensive measurement (Ps < 0.001). The subjects with good nutrition had higher scores of psychological comprehensive measurement (P < 0.001); those with risk of weight loss and multple chronic diseases had lower scores of psychological comprehensive measurement (Ps < 0.001).

    Conclusion Malnutriton and loss of appette can affect the quality of life of the elderly.

     

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