王爱红, 姚浔平, 冷朋波, 谷少华, 王群利, 陆蓓蓓, 方兰云. 宁波市某城区2015—2017年大气PM2.5中重金属和多环芳烃分布特征分析[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2018, 35(11): 1012-1018. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18310
引用本文: 王爱红, 姚浔平, 冷朋波, 谷少华, 王群利, 陆蓓蓓, 方兰云. 宁波市某城区2015—2017年大气PM2.5中重金属和多环芳烃分布特征分析[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2018, 35(11): 1012-1018. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18310
WANG Ai-hong, YAO Xun-ping, LENG Peng-bo, GU Shaohua, WANG Qun-li, LU Bei-bei, FANG Lan-yun. Distribution characteristics of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM2.5 in an urban area of Ningbo from 2015 to 2017[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(11): 1012-1018. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18310
Citation: WANG Ai-hong, YAO Xun-ping, LENG Peng-bo, GU Shaohua, WANG Qun-li, LU Bei-bei, FANG Lan-yun. Distribution characteristics of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM2.5 in an urban area of Ningbo from 2015 to 2017[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(11): 1012-1018. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18310

宁波市某城区2015—2017年大气PM2.5中重金属和多环芳烃分布特征分析

Distribution characteristics of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM2.5 in an urban area of Ningbo from 2015 to 2017

  • 摘要: 目的 分析宁波市某城区大气PM2.5质量浓度(后称"浓度")及其中重金属和多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征和污染来源,为采取控制措施提供依据。

    方法 2015-2017年每月10至17日在宁波市某城区环保国控点500 m范围内距离地面15 m高的平台采集PM2.5样品,测量其浓度。分析其中12种重金属和16种优先控制PAHs污染特征。采用富集因子法和特征比值法分别定性分析重金属与PAHs的污染来源。

    结果 该城区2015-2017年PM2.5日均浓度范围为10~196 μg/m3,年均中位浓度分别为53、46、35 μg/m3;表现为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季,差异具有统计学意义(F=25.54,P < 0.01)。该城区主要重金属污染为Pb、Mn、Ni、Sb和As;除Ni、Cr和Be外,其余重金属的浓度均存在季节差异(P < 0.01),表现为冬、春季浓度高于夏、秋季;富集因子法分析提示Cd、Se、Sb、Hg和Pb有人为污染的可能。PAHs日均浓度范围为1.28~55.22 ng/m3,表现为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季;16种优先控制污染物中居前3位的为苯并b荧蒽(BbF)、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘(IcdP)和蒽(Ant);特征比值法结果显示该城区PAHs优先控制污染物主要来自汽油燃烧,其次为燃煤和生物质燃烧。

    结论 宁波市该城区PM2.5污染水平逐年下降,但仍处于较高水平。重金属和多环芳烃污染季节特征明显,表现为冬季污染水平较高。人为污染是重金属的主要来源,机动车尾气排放和燃煤是PAHs的主要来源。

     

    Abstract: Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and sources of atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM2.5) and the heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5, and provide evidence for the control of air pollution in Ningbo.

    Methods On 10-17 every month from 2015 to 2017, PM2.5 samples were collected from a platform of 15 m height within 500 m from a state-controlled environmental air quality monitoring station in an urban area of Ningbo City and detected for mass concentration. The pollution characteristics of 12 heavy metals and 16 priority PAHs were evaluated. The sources of the heavy metals and PAHs were qualitatively analyzed using enrichment factor and characteristic molecular ratio, respectively.

    Results From 2015 to 2017, the daily average concentration of PM2.5 in the urban area was 10-196 μg/m3, and the annual average concentration was 53, 46, and 35 μg/m3, respectively; PM2.5 concentrations showed a statistically significant seasonal variation:winter > spring > autumn > summer (F=25.54, P < 0.01). The leading heavy metals were Pb, Mn, Ni, Sb, and As; all the concentrations of selected heavy metals showed seasonal variations except Ni, Cr, and Be (P < 0.01), with higher concentrations in winter and spring than in summer and autumn; the results of enrichment factor suggested that Cd, Se, Sb, Hg, and Pb pollution were possibly derived from anthropogenic activities. The daily average concentration of PAHs was 1.28-55.22 ng/m3, and showed a seasonal variation similar to PM2.5; the leading three priority PAHs were benzob fluoranthene (BbF), indene1, 2, 3-c, d pyren (IcdP), and anthracene (Ant); the results of characteristic molecular ratio suggested the main source of PAHs was gasoline combustion, followed by coal and biomass combustion.

    Conclusion The level of PM2.5 pollution in this urban area of Ningbo is decreasing year by year, but still at a high level. The pollution of heavy metals and PAHs show a distinct seasonal variation, with higher concentrations in winter than in other seasons. Anthropogenic activities are potential main sources of heavy metals, while motor vehicle emission and coal combustion are the potential main sources of PAHs.

     

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