上海市轨道交通地下车站集中空调通风系统的卫生状况
Sanitary levels of central air conditioning and ventilation systems in underground stations of Shanghai rail transit
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摘要:
目的 了解不同时期启用的上海市轨道交通地下车站集中空调通风系统（集通系统）卫生状况，为相关部门的卫生管理提供科学依据。
方法 按照WS 394-2012《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》的要求，在2017年7-9月期间，采取现场调查和实地检测的方法对上海市9条地铁线路（12个地下车站）的24套集通系统（启用年代为2000年以前、2000-2010年和2011-2017年的系统分别为8、7、9套）进行送风中微生物和可吸入颗粒物、风管内表面积尘量和微生物、冷却水和冷凝水中嗜肺军团菌等卫生学评价。
结果 24套集通系统送风中：可吸入颗粒物、细菌总数、真菌总数合格率分别为96.9%、65.9%、65.2%；新风量合格率仅为10%；风管内表面积尘量、细菌总数、真菌总数的合格率为84.8%、100.0%、100.0%；冷凝水和冷却水中嗜肺军团菌的合格率分别为100.0%和95.8%。2000年前启用的集通系统的送风中可吸入颗粒物、细菌总数和真菌总数合格率分别为95.0%、60.3%、75.0%；2000-2010年间启用的集通系统前述指标的合格率分别为100.0%、83.3%、83.3%；而2011-2017年间启用的集通系统前述指标的合格率分别为96.3%、57.4%、42.6%。
结论 2000-2010年间启用的集通系统的送风中可吸入颗粒物及微生物合格率较高，卫生质量最好，而2011-2017年间启用者卫生质量相对较差。上海市轨道交通地下车站集通系统应加强卫生管理，重视新风量严重不足的问题。
Abstract:Objective To investigate the sanitary conditions of central air conditioning and ventilation systems (CCVS) launched in different timeslots in underground railway stations in Shanghai, and provide scientific evidence for public health management.
Methods A total of 24 CCVS (8 sets launched before 2000, 7 sets between 2000 and 2010, and 9 sets between 2011 and 2017) in 12 underground stations of 9 subway lines in Shanghai were evaluated by field investigation and on-site test from July to September 2017 according to the Hygienic specification of central air conditioning ventilation system in public buildings (WS 394-2012). Sanitary evaluations included microorganisms and respirable particulate matters in air supply, microorganisms and dust load on the inner surface of air ducts, and Legionella pneumophila in samples of cooling water and condensate water.
Results The qualified rates of respirable particulate matters, total bacteria, and total fungi in air supply of the 24 sets of CCVS were 96.9%, 65.9%, and 65.2%, respectively. The qualified rate in fresh air was 10% only. The qualified rates of dust load, total bacteria, and total fungi on the surface of air ducts were 84.8%, 100.0%, and 100.0%, respectively. The qualified rate of Legionella pneumophila was 100.0% in condensed water and 95.8% in cooling water, respectively. The qualified rates of respirable particulate matters, total bacteria, and total fungi in air supply of CCVS activated before 2000 were 95.0%, 60.3%, and 75.0%, respectively; the qualified rates for CCVS activated between 2000 and 2010 were 100.0%, 83.3%, and 83.3%, respectively; the qualified rates for CCVS activated between 2011 and 2017 were 96.3%, 57.4%, and 42.6%, respectively.
Conclusion Better sanitary quality is found for the CCVS launched between 2000 and 2010, with higher qualified rates of microorganisms and respirable particulate matters in air supply, while relatively poor sanitary quality is found for the CCVS launched between 2010 and 2017. Strengthened management is required for the CCVS in Shanghai underground stations, especially on the woeful shortage of fresh air.
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