单娇, 李宏宇, 杨玄, 董伟, 潘璐, 吴少伟, 邓芙蓉, 郭新彪. 大气污染对我国不同城镇化地区中老年人高血压及心脏病患病的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2018, 35(2): 108-112. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.17399
引用本文: 单娇, 李宏宇, 杨玄, 董伟, 潘璐, 吴少伟, 邓芙蓉, 郭新彪. 大气污染对我国不同城镇化地区中老年人高血压及心脏病患病的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2018, 35(2): 108-112. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.17399
SHAN Jiao, LI Hong-yu, YANG Xuan, DONG Wei, PAN Lu, WU Shao-wei, DENG Fu-rong, GUO Xin-biao. Impacts of air pollution on prevalences of hypertension and heart disease among middle-aged and elderly people in areas with different urbanization levels in China[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(2): 108-112. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.17399
Citation: SHAN Jiao, LI Hong-yu, YANG Xuan, DONG Wei, PAN Lu, WU Shao-wei, DENG Fu-rong, GUO Xin-biao. Impacts of air pollution on prevalences of hypertension and heart disease among middle-aged and elderly people in areas with different urbanization levels in China[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(2): 108-112. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.17399

大气污染对我国不同城镇化地区中老年人高血压及心脏病患病的影响

Impacts of air pollution on prevalences of hypertension and heart disease among middle-aged and elderly people in areas with different urbanization levels in China

  • 摘要: 目的 探讨大气污染对我国中老年人高血压及心脏病患病的长期影响,并分析在不同城镇化水平地区大气污染对中老年人群高血压及心脏病患病影响的差异。

    方法 采用2013年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据中124个地级市17 679位受访者的基本信息及高血压、心脏病患病信息。收集2010年、2011年和2012年相应地级市大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、二氧化硫(SO2)和二氧化氮(NO2)的三年年均质量浓度(以下简称"浓度"),采用城镇化率来定义城镇化水平。采用广义线性混合效应模型分析不同城镇化水平地区大气污染对高血压及心脏病患病影响的差异。

    结果 本研究所包含的124个地级市大气PM10三年的年均浓度为80 μg/m3,SO2为36 μg/m3,NO2为31 μg/m3。有68.5%的城市大气PM10未达到国家二级标准。城镇化水平较高地区的人群高血压和心脏病患病率(高血压:27.4%,心脏病:12.3%)高于中等(高血压:23.1%,心脏病:8.9%)和较低(高血压:19.2%,心脏病:6.9%)城镇化水平地区(P < 0.05)。大气PM10和NO2与城镇化率在对中老年人心脏病的患病影响中存在交互作用,其中大气污染物对较低城镇化率地区的中老年人影响最大(PM10OR=2.169,95%CI:1.275~3.691;NO2OR=1.817,95%CI:1.100~3.000)。

    结论 我国大气污染对中老年人高血压及心脏病的患病影响在不同城镇化水平地区中不同,在城镇化水平较低的地区这种影响更大。

     

    Abstract: Objective To investigate the long-term effects of air pollution on hypertension and heart disease among middle-aged and elderly people, and differentiate the effects with regional urbanization levels in China.

    Methods We used the data on the prevalences of hypertension and heart disease of 17 679 respondents in 124 prefecture-level cities reported in the 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and measured three-year (2010-2012) average concentrations of inhalable particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the prefecture-level cities. The urbanization level was defined by urbanization rate. We utilized generalized linear mixed-effects models to analyze the differences in the effects of air pollution on the prevalences of hypertension and heart disease in areas with different urbanization levels.

    Results The average annual concentrations of PM10, SO2, and NO2 in the studied 124 prefecture-level cities were 80, 36, and 31 μg/m3, respectively. There were 68.5% of the cities exceeding the national grade Ⅱ standards of PM10. The prevalence rates of hypertension and heart disease were higher in areas with high urbanization level (27.4%, 12.3%) than in areas with middle urbanization level (23.1%, 8.9%) and low urbanization level (19.2%, 6.9%) (P < 0.05). There were interactions between the exposure to atmospheric PM10/NO2 and urbanization rates on the prevalences of heart disease in middle-aged and elderly people. The effect of the exposure to air pollutants was largest in areas with low urbanization level (PM10:OR=2.169, 95% CI:1.275-3.691; NO2:OR=1.817, 95% CI:1.100-3.000).

    Conclusion The effects of air pollution on hypertension and heart disease among middle-aged and elderly people are varied by urbanization levels in China. A greater impact is found in areas with a lower urbanization level.

     

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