三家企业现代服务业员工的心理一致感与隐性缺勤的关联
Association between sense of coherence and presenteeism among white-collar workers in three companies
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摘要:
目的 了解三家企业现代服务业员工的心理一致感和隐性缺勤现状，探究两者间的关联，为探寻减少工作中隐性缺勤的有效措施提供理论和实践依据。
方法 2016年3-4月，采用横断面研究设计，运用内在一致感量表和斯坦福隐性缺勤量表作为评估工具，以非随机意愿抽样的方法对上海三家单位1798名在职员工进行问卷调查，在所有调查对象知情同意基础上，自主完成问卷填写。最后通过SPSS 19.0对数据进行趋势卡方检验和logistic回归分析。
结果 问卷有效应答率为40.8%。调查对象心理一致感得分为（61.47±10.47）分，不同年龄、岗位、工龄、婚姻状况和平均月收入的现代服务业员工间心理一致感得分差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。隐性缺勤得分为（14.40±4.41）分，不同年龄、受教育程度、工作制和月收入水平的现代服务业员工间隐性缺勤得分的差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。高、中水平心理一致感是隐性缺勤的保护因素，OR分别为0.29（95%CI：0.20~0.43）和0.48（95%CI：0.33~0.70）。
结论 三家企业现代服务业员工的心理一致感总分和隐性缺勤得分与国外相比仍有一定差距，高水平的心理一致感有助于减少隐性缺勤的发生。
Abstract:Objective To investigate the status of sense of coherence and presenteeism among white-collar workers in three companies of modern service industry, assess the association between them, and provide a theoretical and practical basis to explore effective measures to reduce presenteeism.
Methods From March to April 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted in three companies in Shanghai. A total of 1 798 white-collar workers were involved by non-randomized sampling method to complete the Sense of Coherence Scale and the Stanford Presenteeism Scale in an anonymous way with informed consent.
Results The effective response rate was 40.8%. The score of sense of coherence was 61.47±10.47, and there were significant differences among the white-collar workers grouped by age, job level, job seniority, marital status, and monthly income (P < 0.01). The score of presenteeism was 14.40±4.41, and there were significant differences among the subjects grouped by age, educational level, working system, and monthly income (P < 0.05). The sense of coherence at middle (OR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.33-0.70) or high level (OR=0.29, 95%CI: 0.20-0.43) was a protective factor for presenteeism.
Conclusion There is still a gap in sense of coherence and presenteeism between the studied white-collar workers and reported occupational populations in other countries. High-level sense of coherence may contribute to reducing presenteeism.
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