农民工家庭教养方式对其幼儿自信心的影响季
Parenting Styles of Migrant Worker Households and Effects on Children's Self-Confidence
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摘要:
目的 探讨农民工的家庭教养方式对儿童自信心的影响。
方法 采取整群抽样的方法，选取上海市长宁区3～5岁的465名农民工家庭的儿童作为农民工组，选取该区465名上海市户籍的同龄儿童作为对照组，两组年龄和性别匹配。采用父母教养方式调查问卷及幼儿日常行为自信心评定量表进行调查。
结果 家庭教养方式：农民工组家庭放任维度的平均得分（36.90）高于对照组（22.72）（
F =8.488，P =0.01）；农民工组家庭专制维度的平均得分（41.75）高于对照组（25.00）（F =5.809，P < 0.001）；而权威维度平均得分农民工组（54.95）低于对照组（73.43）（F =15.487，P =0.02）。儿童自信心方面：农民工组游戏平均得分（75.10）低于对照组（84.37）（F =0.056，P < 0.000 1）；农民工组学习平均得分（72.45）低于对照组（85.04）（F =1.973，P < 0.000 1）；而农民工组劳动方面平均得分（66.11）与对照组（64.84）差异无统计学意义（F =6.181，P =0.348）。家庭教养方式中权威维度与游戏、学习、劳动呈正相关（均P < 0.05）；放任维度和专制维度均与游戏、学习、劳动呈负相关（均P < 0.05）。结论 农民工家庭教养方式对儿童自信心有一定影响。
Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of parenting styles of migrant worker households on their children's selfconfidence.
Methods A cluster sampling design was used to recruit 465 children aged 3 to 5 years from migrant worker households as the migrant worker group and another 465 children of the same age from Shanghai registered households as the control group. The two groups were matched by age and sex. The Parenting Styles Inventory and the Children's Daily Behavior Confidence Rating Scale were employed.
Results In parenting styles, the migrant worker group reported higher average scores of permissive (36.90 vs 22.72) (
F =8.488,P =0.01) and authoritarian (41.75 vs 25.00) (F =5.809,P < 0.001), but a lower average score of authoritative (54.95 vs 73.43) (F =15.487,P =0.02) than those of the control group. In children's self-confidence, the migrant worker group reported lower average scores of game (75.10 vs 84.37) (F =0.056,P < 0.000 1) and study (72.45 vs 85.04) (F =1.973,P < 0.000 1) than those of the control group, but no difference was found in the average score of labor (66.11 vs 64.84) (F =6.181,P =0.348). Authoritative parenting style was positively associated with game, study, and labor (allPs < 0.05). By contrast, permissive and authoritarian parenting styles were negatively associated with game, study, and labor (allPs < 0.05).Conclusion The parenting styles of migrant worker households are associated with their children's self-confidence.
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