张晓茹, 胡晓伶, 陆小路, 陈定均, 王玉云. 芦山地震灾区学前儿童心理健康与家庭环境的相关性[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2016, 33(5): 484-488. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2016.15515
引用本文: 张晓茹, 胡晓伶, 陆小路, 陈定均, 王玉云. 芦山地震灾区学前儿童心理健康与家庭环境的相关性[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2016, 33(5): 484-488. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2016.15515
ZHANG Xiao-ru, HU Xiao-ling, LU Xiao-lu, CHEN Ding-jun, WANG Yu-yun. Correlation between Mental Health and Family Environment of Preschool Children after Lushan Earthquake[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2016, 33(5): 484-488. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2016.15515
Citation: ZHANG Xiao-ru, HU Xiao-ling, LU Xiao-lu, CHEN Ding-jun, WANG Yu-yun. Correlation between Mental Health and Family Environment of Preschool Children after Lushan Earthquake[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2016, 33(5): 484-488. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2016.15515

芦山地震灾区学前儿童心理健康与家庭环境的相关性

Correlation between Mental Health and Family Environment of Preschool Children after Lushan Earthquake

  • 摘要: 目的

    调查影响芦山地震灾区学前儿童心理健康的家庭因素,为提高学前儿童心理健康和改善家庭环境提供科学依据。

    方法

    采用随机抽样方法,抽取芦山地震一个月后的灾区700名学前儿童(灾区组)和安徽阜阳非灾区300名学前儿童(对照组),用学前儿童健康心理测评量表和家庭环境量表对儿童家长进行调查,采用成组比较t检验比较两组得分,并对二者关系进行相关和回归分析。

    结果

    灾区组、对照组分别回收有效问卷628、260份。灾区组学前儿童心理健康问题总分为(125.281±7.344)分,情绪障碍(2.135±0.199)分、性格缺陷(1.834±0.239)分、社会适应不良(1.640±0.219)分、其他障碍(1.902±0.237)分,均高于对照组分别为(115.860±8.584)、(1.672±0.227)、(1.798±0.263)、(1.614±0.248)、(1.526±0.189)分,均P<0.05。灾区组学前儿童家庭环境在独立性(5.020±1.956)分、成就性(2.977±1.901)分、知识性(3.973±1.775)分、娱乐性(3.025±1.433)分,均低于对照组分别为(5.265±1.406)、(6.445±1.345)、(4.250±1.761)、(4.120±1.520)分,均P<0.05。家庭环境中的亲密度与情绪障碍、性格缺陷(r=-0.147、-0.087),成就性与品性障碍(r=-0.112),知识性与情绪障碍、性格缺陷、社会适应不良、品性障碍(r=-0.130、-0.127、-0.112、-0.092),娱乐性与情绪障碍(r=-0.196),组织性与其他障碍(r=-0.089)呈负相关(均P<0.05或P<0.01);而家庭环境中的矛盾性与情绪障碍、性格缺陷(r=0.208、0.174,P<0.01)呈正相关。逐步回归分析发现,娱乐性(x1)、亲密度(x2)、情感表达(x3)和知识性(x5)因子能正向预测学前儿童心理健康,矛盾性(x4)能反向预测心理健康,回归方程为ŷ=1.745x1+1.608x2+0.924x3-0.307x4+0.650x5;其联合预测心理健康82.0%的变异量。

    结论

    芦山地震灾区学前儿童心理健康状况较差,家庭环境因子中娱乐性、亲密度、情感表达和知识性是影响灾区学前儿童心理健康的重要因素。

     

    Abstract: Objective

    To assess family factors that affect mental health of preschool children in Lushan earthquake area, in order to provide a scientific basis for improving preschool children's mental health and family environment.

    Methods

    Using random sampling method, 700 preschool children from the disaster area in Lushan (earthquake group) and 300 from a nondisaster area in Fuyang, Anhui (control croup) were selected and evaluated using a parent-completed psychological assessment scale for preschool children and a parent-completed family environment scale. Between-group comparisons were performed by group t test, and associations were assessed by correlation analysis and regression analysis.

    Results

    A total of 628 and 260 valid questionnaires were returned. The scores of total mental health problems (125.281±7.344), mood disorders (2.135±0.199), character flaws (1.834±0.239), poor social adaptation (1.640±0.219), and other disorders (1.902±0.237) in the earthquake group were higher than those of the control group (115.860±8.584, 1.672±0.227, 1.798±0.263, 1.614±0.248, and 1.526±0.189, respectively) (all Ps<0.05). The earthquake group also showed lower scores of independence (5.020±1.956), achievement orientation (2.977±1.901), intellectual-culture orientation (3.973±1.775), and active-recreational orientation (3.025±1.433) than the control group (5.265±1.406, 6.445±1.345, 4.250±1.761, and 4.120±1.520, respectively) (all Ps<0.05). Negative correlations were found between cohesion of family environment and mood disorders/character flaws (r=-0.147, -0.087), achievement orientation and conduct disorders (r=-0.112), intellectual-culture orientation and mood disorders/character flaws/poor social adaptation/conduct disorders (r=-0.130, -0.127, -0.112, -0.092), active-recreational orientation and mood disorders (r=-0.196), and organization orientation and other disorders (r=-0.089) (all Ps<0.05 or Ps<0.01). By contrast, positive correlations were found between conflict of family environment and mood disorders/character flaws (r=0.208, 0.174, Ps<0.01). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed active-recreation orientation (x1), cohesion (x2), expressiveness (x3), and intellectual-cultural orientation (x5) were positive predictors of preschool children's psychological well-being; however, conflict (x4) was a negative predictor. The regression equation was ŷ=1.745x1+1.608x2+0.924x3-0.307x4+0.650x5, which explained 82% of the covariance.

    Conclusion

    The preschool children's mental health in Lushan earthquake area is poor in general. Active-recreational orientation, cohesion, expressiveness, and intellectual-cultural orientation are the important factors influencing their mental health.

     

/

返回文章
返回