某纳米碳酸钙企业超细颗粒暴露特征及其健康影响
Exposure Patterns and Health Effects of Nanometer Calcium Carbonate in a Manufacturer
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摘要:
目的 探究纳米碳酸钙颗粒物的暴露特征并初步分析对企业人群的健康效应。 方法 选取山西某纳米碳酸钙生产企业, 检测纳米颗粒物的质量浓度、表面积浓度、数量浓度并进行形态学分析;对企业77 名员工(暴露组55 人, 非暴露组22 人)进行健康体检, 并分析比较两组体检指标异常率。 结果 纳米碳酸钙晶型为方解石型, 呈多面体, 单个颗粒粒径范围在50~70 nm, 在空气中团聚后平均粒径约200 nm;颗粒物质量浓度范围为84.52~3 264.69 μg/m3, 其中包装、捞料岗位较高。颗粒物表面积浓度范围:肺泡沉积(A)模式78.3~2 006.6 μm2/cm3, 支气管(TB)模式25.6~411.8 μm2/cm3, 其中较高的3 个区域为包装、干燥、压滤;颗粒物数量浓度较高的区域为包装(2.07& #215;1011/m3)、干燥(1.64& #215;1011/m3)和压滤(2.18& #215;1011/m3)。纳米碳酸钙的数量浓度与表面积浓度呈正相关(rA=0.864, rTB=0.805, 均P < 0.01)。暴露组与非暴露组职工各指标异常率差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论 包装、压滤、干燥和捞料等岗位的纳米碳酸钙颗粒暴露浓度较高;数量浓度与表面积浓度存在高度相关关系, 二者与质量浓度间均无相关性;未发现纳米碳酸钙颗粒对暴露工人存在明显健康影响。 Abstract:Objective To probe the exposure patterns of nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in a manufacturer and analyze related health effects on workers. Methods Three nano-particle concentrations (mass, surface area, and number concentrations) were measured in a CaCO3 manufacturer in Shanxi Province, and morphological analysis was also performed. Seventy-seven workers (exposure group, n=55; non-exposure group, n=22) were invited to physical examination to analyze the abnormal rates of indices in physical examination. Results The nano-CaCO3 was calcite and polyhedral. The single particle size ranged from 50 to 70 nm, and the average size of agglomerates in air was about 200 nm. The mass concentration was in the range of 84.52-3264.69 μg/m3, with higher concentrations found in packaging workstation and fishing materials workstation. The surface area concentration was 78.3-2006.6 μm2/cm3 for alveolar (A) model and 25.6-411.8 μm2/cm3 for tracheo bronchial (TB) model, with higher concentrations found in packaging, drying, and pressure filtration workstations. Higher particle number concentrations were found in packaging (2.07& #215; 1011/m3), drying (1.64& #215;1011/m3), and pressure filtration (2.18& #215;1011/m3) workstations. The number concentrations and the surface area concentrations showed positive correlations (rA=0.864, rTB=0.805, both P < 0.01). However, the abnormal rates of physical examination indices of the workers presented no statistical differences between the workers with and without nano-CaCO3 exposure (P > 0.05). Conclusion The nano-CaCO3 particles are emitted mainly in packaging, drying, and pressure filtration workstations. A strong correlation exists between the number concentration and the surface area concentration, but neither is associated with the mass concentration. The nano-CaCO3 particles have no significant health effects on the occupationally exposed workers in the study.
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