基于问卷调查的室内居住环境和行为因素与婴幼儿呼吸系统健康的关系
Associations of Infants' Respiratory Health with Residential Environment and Behavioral Factors Based on Questionnaire Survey
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摘要:
目的 分析室内居住环境和行为因素与婴幼儿呼吸系统健康的关系。 方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,选取2011年3月1日-8月31日在上海市6个社区卫生服务中心儿保门诊进行常规检查的1 266名0~3岁婴幼儿,采用基于美国胸科协会推荐的问卷所修改的婴幼儿呼吸系统健康状况与家庭环境调查问卷对婴幼儿主要照看者进行调查,问卷内容包括婴幼儿呼吸系统症状、患病情况、居室环境污染以及其他相关影响因素。 结果 婴幼儿持续咳嗽、持续咳痰、喘息、哮喘、支气管炎、肺炎的报告率分别为2.2%、1.3%、19.1%、8.2%、17.6%、12.2%。调整了年龄、性别、居住区域、父母亲教育程度、呼吸系统疾病和过敏家族史、早产、出生低体重、母乳喂养和早期过敏史等相关混杂因素后,各室内居住环境和行为因素与持续咳嗽均未见联系;居住条件越差,报告喘息和肺炎患病的危险越大(OR=1.128,95%CI:1.000~1.325;OR=1.240,95%CI:1.078~1.426);空调清洁程度越差,报告哮喘患病的危险越大(OR=1.252,95%CI:1.028~1.526);燃料产生污染越多,报告持续咳痰、哮喘、支气管炎和肺炎患病的危险越小(OR=0.194,95%CI:0.044~0.855;OR=0.515,95%CI:0.279~0.950;OR=0.422,95%CI:0.251~0.707;OR=0.531,95%CI:0.304~0.928)。 结论 各类室内居住环境和行为因素可能与婴幼儿呼吸系统健康存在着一定的相关性。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the relationships of respiratory health in infants with residential environment and behavioral factors. Methods By stratified cluster sampling method 1 266 infants at 0-3 years of age visiting child care clinics were recruited in six community health services centers in Shanghai from March 1 to August 31, 2011. A revised questionnaire based on American Thoracic Society's Division of Lung Diseases questionnaire was applied to collect information on the infants' respiratory symptoms, prevalence of diseases, family indoor environment, and other related factors from the participants' caregivers. Results The reported rates of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, wheeze, asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia respectively were 2.2%, 1.3%, 19.1%, 8.2%, 17.6%, and 12.2%, respectively. After adjusting the confounding factors such as age, gender, residential area, parents' education level, family history of respiratory diseases and allergies, premature birth, low birth weight, breastfeeding, and personal history of early allergy, the residential environment and behavioral factors showed no relationship with persistent cough; the possibilities of reporting wheeze and pneumonia were greater along with worse living condition categories (OR=1.128, 95%CI:1.000-1.325; OR=1.240, 95%CI:1.078-1.426); the possibility of reporting asthma was greater with lower cleaning degree of air conditioner (OR=1.252, 95%CI:1.028-1.526); and the more pollutants fuel produced, the less reporting persistent phlegm, asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia were (OR=0.194, 95%CI:0.044-0.855; OR=0.515, 95%CI:0.279-0.950; OR=0.422, 95%CI:0.251-0.707;OR=0.531, 95%CI:0.304-0.928). Conclusion Various residential environment and behavioral factors are associated with the respiratory health of 0-3-year-old infants
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