曹雪玲, 张妮萍, 李婷婷. 高温作业热环境评价指标的探讨[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2015, 32(10): 945-947,952. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14671
引用本文: 曹雪玲, 张妮萍, 李婷婷. 高温作业热环境评价指标的探讨[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2015, 32(10): 945-947,952. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14671
CAO Xue-ling , ZHANG Ni-ping , LI Tingting . Study on Evaluation Index for Working in Heat Environment[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2015, 32(10): 945-947,952. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14671
Citation: CAO Xue-ling , ZHANG Ni-ping , LI Tingting . Study on Evaluation Index for Working in Heat Environment[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2015, 32(10): 945-947,952. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14671

高温作业热环境评价指标的探讨

Study on Evaluation Index for Working in Heat Environment

  • 摘要: 目的 通过对上海铁路局2005-2014 年高温作业岗位热环境的现场检测指标分析, 提出全面合理的高温评价指标。

    方法 选择上海铁路局内固定作业岗位的典型工种(包括洗罐工、锅炉工、锻工、洗涤工等), 2005-2009 年、2010-2014 年高温检测分别利用温差、湿球黑球温度(WBGT)指数作为高温作业评价及分级指标, 比较二者对相同作业岗位的判定差异。

    结果 利用温差作为评价指标, 炉前、洗涤、烘干、干洗作业不属于高温作业;利用WBGT 指数作为高温作业评价指标, 各岗位均属于高温作业岗位。除洗罐作业2005-2009 年温差变化无统计学意义(P > 0.05)外, 其余岗位2005-2009 年温差及各岗位2010-2014 年WBGT 指数变化均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。

    结论 在使用WBGT指数评价高温作业分级过程中, 评价等级偏高, 建议考虑环境温差的因素。

     

    Abstract: Objective To propose a comprehensive and rational evaluation index for heat working environment based on field surveillance data of high-temperature workstations of Shanghai Railway Bureau from 2005 to 2014.

    Methods Typical and fixed workstations (such as tank cleaner, boiler man, metalsmith, and washer) of Shanghai Railway Bureau were selected. Temperature difference was taken to grade and assess working in hot environment for 2005-2009, and Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) for 2010-2014. Differences in the judgment results for the same workstation by temperature difference and WBGT were compared and analyzed.

    Results The workstations of furnace, washing, drying, and dry cleaning were not graded as working in hot environment when considering temperature difference as the evaluation index; however, all selected workstations were graded as working in hot environment when using WBGT as the evaluation index. Except the yearly variation of temperature difference for tank cleaning in 2005-2009 (P > 0.05), statistical differences were found in the yearly variations of temperature difference for the rest workstations in 2005-2009 and the yearly variations of WBGT for all selected workstations in 2010-2014 (P < 0.01).

    Conclusion The WBGT index might over-grade working in hot environment; thus temperature difference is suggested.

     

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