甲醛作业人员的健康状况:以3家密度板制造企业为例
Health Survey on Workers Exposed to Formaldehyde in Three Medium Density Fiberboard Manufacturing Enterprises
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摘要:
目的 了解密度板生产过程中,甲醛对作业人员健康状况的影响,为提出职业健康干预措施和策略提供科学依据。 方法 采用整群抽样的方法,选择山东省某市3家密度板制造企业。选择制胶工、铺装工、热压工和热磨工等接触甲醛的作业人员为暴露组,共131人;选择同厂行政、后勤、市场采购等不接触甲醛的工作人员作为对照组,共80人。由专业医师对所有研究对象进行职业健康检查。 结果 暴露组作业人员眼部刺痛、流泪,鼻道刺激,咳嗽、咳痰,咽喉疼痛,呼吸道发干,头痛、头晕症状的发生率高于对照组(P < 0.05);血常规检查结果显示,暴露组作业人员血小板高于对照组(P < 0.05),而白细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、红细胞和血红蛋白与对照组无差异(P > 0.05);血生化检查结果显示,所有研究对象的总胆固醇均在正常范围内,但暴露组人群总胆固醇水平低于对照组人群(P < 0.05);肺功能检查发现显示暴露组人群用力肺活量平均水平低于对照组(P < 0.05)。 结论 密度板加工企业工人长期接触甲醛,可对健康造成不良影响。应该加强防护,定期进行职业健康监护提高职业健康水平。 Abstract:Objective To assess the health status of workers exposed to formaldehyde in medium density fiberboard (MDF) production, and to provide a scientific basis for occupational health interventions and strategies. Methods Three MDF manufacturers were selected using cluster sampling. Glue workers, pavers, hot pressed workers, and hot mill workers with occupational exposure to formaldehyde were selected as the exposed group (n=131), and those without formaldehyde exposure such as office clerks, logistics staff, and purchasers were selected as the control group (n=80). All participants were invited to physical examination performed by specialists. Results The workers in the exposed group reported significantly higher proportions of having eye irritation, tearing, nasal irritation, cough, sputum, dry respiratory conditions, headache, and dizziness than the workers in the control group (P < 0.05). The routine blood test results showed that the exposed group workers' blood platelet count were higher than the controls' (P < 0.05), but the counts of leukocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin were lower than those of the controls (P > 0.05). The blood biochemical examination results revealed that the average total cholesterol of the exposed group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), though both were still within normal bounds. The pulmonary function test results showed that the average force vital capacity of the exposed group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion In the investigated MDF manufacturing enterprises, long-term exposure to formaldehyde might pose adverse health effects on workers, so effective protection measures and regular occupational health surveillance should be performed to improve workers' occupational health.
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