肖淑敏, 赵晓芸, 张岩. 天津市某污水处理厂出水中贾第虫和隐孢子虫含量及其潜在健康危害[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2015, 32(7): 637-641. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14585
引用本文: 肖淑敏, 赵晓芸, 张岩. 天津市某污水处理厂出水中贾第虫和隐孢子虫含量及其潜在健康危害[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2015, 32(7): 637-641. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14585
XIAO Shu-min , ZHAO Xiao-yun , ZHANG Yan . Concentrations and Potential Risks of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Tianjin[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2015, 32(7): 637-641. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14585
Citation: XIAO Shu-min , ZHAO Xiao-yun , ZHANG Yan . Concentrations and Potential Risks of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Tianjin[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2015, 32(7): 637-641. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14585

天津市某污水处理厂出水中贾第虫和隐孢子虫含量及其潜在健康危害

Concentrations and Potential Risks of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Effluent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Tianjin

  • 摘要: 目的 了解天津某郊野公园补给河流纳入的处理后污水中贾第虫和隐孢子虫(简称"两虫")的浓度水平及其对人群潜在的健康危害。

    方法 于2014年3-7月每2周对补给河流上游A污水处理厂出水进行采集,共采集9份样品。水样经沉淀浓缩、密度梯度纯化、免疫荧光染色后经荧光显微镜检测"两虫",测定其浓度。采用定量微生物风险评价法对人群通过绿地灌溉和湖泊玩耍暴露于"两虫"的潜在健康危害进行评价。

    结果 出水中均能检测出"两虫",其中浓度范围分别为11~53包囊/L和0~20卵囊/L。在常规氯消毒后排放时,贾第虫和隐孢子虫的年感染概率分别为5.69×10-3和2.46×10-3,均高于美国环境保护署地表水处理法规定的1.0×1010-4。若采用紫外线或臭氧进行消毒,其感染"两虫"的概率为2.75×10-5

    结论 A污水处理厂出水中均能检出"两虫",其浓度水平与国内外报道的污水处理厂相当。处理后的水经氯消毒后排放至河流经灌溉绿地或湖泊玩耍接触人群,存在感染"两虫"的潜在健康危害。出厂水若采用紫外线或臭氧消毒则可降低"两虫"对人群的健康危害。

     

    Abstract: Objective To detect the concentrations of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in treated effluent feeding a tributary river in a suburb park in Tianjin and their potential health risks.

    Methods Water samples (n=9) were collected every two weeks from a wastewater treatment plant upstream of a tributary river in March to July 2014. Giardia and Cryptosporidium concentrations were measured following a method involving flocculation, flotation with density gradient, immunofluorescence stain, and counting under microscope. Quantitative microbial risk assessments on Giardia and Cryptosporidium exposure via greenland irrigation and playing with water were performed based on their concentrations in effluent.

    Results Both Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in the water samples. The concentration of Giardia in the effluent was between 11 to 53 cysts/L, while that of Cryptosporidium was between 0 to 20 oocysts/L. The annual infection rates caused by Giardia and Cryptosporidium in effluent treated by chlorination were estimated to be 5.69×10-3 and 2.46×10-3, respectively. Both of them were higher than the reference risk level (1.0×10-4) suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. In contrast, the annual infection rates caused by Giardia or Cryptosporidium in effluent treated by UV or ozone were both 2.75×10-5.

    Conclusion Giardia and Cryptosporidium are detected in the treated effluent of the waste water treatment plant in Tianjin and their concentrations are similar to prior domestic and international studies. The effluents treated by chlorination still pose potential health risks to people through greenland irrigation or water playing. UV or ozone treatment could reduce the risk of human exposure to Giardia and Cryptosporidium.

     

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