某铁路局火车司机身心健康的影响因素分析
Risk Factors of Physical and Mental Health of Train Drivers from a Railway Bureau
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摘要:
目的 通过调查昆明铁路局火车司机,了解该人群身心健康的基本情况,探讨其身心健康的影响因素。 方法 运用生命质量的8条目简明量表(SF-8)中文版评估火车司机身心健康状况。从总调查人数(n=2024)中选取身心状况不健康者作为病例组,身心健康者为对照组,两组各110例。采用1:1配对病例对照研究的流行病学调查方法,利用自填式问卷调查收集定量资料,采用logistic回归分析。 结果 病例组、对照组火车司机年龄分别为(39.61±7.43)、(39.52±8.15)岁,两组年龄差异无统计学意义(t=-0.19,P=0.85)。logistic回归模型进行多因素分析,火车司机身心健康危险因素包括高生活压力(OR=5.24)、吸烟(OR=1.40)、工种(OR=2.94),内燃机车司机出现身心问题是电力机车司机的2.94倍,包括工作家庭冲突(OR=2.75)、职业倦怠(OR=2.51)、个人防护(OR=2.38)、外在付出(OR=2.03)、卫生习惯(OR=1.87)、离职意愿(OR=1.54)。火车司机身心健康的保护因素包括高教育程度(OR=0.56)、体育锻炼(OR=0.52)、对安全政策支持态度(OR=0.45)、乐观态度(OR=0.41)。 结论 昆明铁路局机务段的火车司机存在不同方面、不同程度的身心健康问题,其受个体因素、职业因素以及作业条件的影响。 Abstract:Objective To collect basic information and identify risk factors of physical and mental health of train drivers registered to Kunming Railway Bureau. Methods A 1:1 matched case-control designed epidemiological survey was conducted in the train divers with or without physical and mental health issue, who were selected from a total of 2 024 train drivers in Kunming Railway Bureau, 110 drivers for each group. Short-form general health questionnaire (SF-8) was used to collect quantitative data of the train drivers' physical and mental health to analyze by logistic regression model. Results The average ages for the case group and the control group were (39.61±7.43) and (39.52±8.15) years old respectively (t=-0.19, P=0.85). Using logistic regression model, the risk factors were high life pressure (OR=5.24), smoking (OR=1.40), job title (OR=2.94, diesel locomotive drivers vs. electric locomotive drivers), work-family conflict (OR=2.75), occupational burnout (OR=2.51), personal protection (OR=2.38), external pay (OR=2.03), health habit (OR=1.87), and turnover intention (OR=1.54). Protective factors included higher education level (OR=0.56), physical exercise (OR=0.52), support attitude to safety policy (OR=0.45), and optimistic attitude (OR=0.41). Conclusion The investigated train drivers of Kunming Railway Bureau suffer from various kinds and levels of physical and mental health problems which are affected by individual factors, occupational factors, and working conditions.
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