范忠飞, 陈晓玲, 史济峰, 祝秀英, 郭爱萍, 唐琳, 金思佳. 危害分析和关键控制点技术在集中空调通风系统卫生监督管理中的应用[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2015, 32(5): 421-425. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14518
引用本文: 范忠飞, 陈晓玲, 史济峰, 祝秀英, 郭爱萍, 唐琳, 金思佳. 危害分析和关键控制点技术在集中空调通风系统卫生监督管理中的应用[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2015, 32(5): 421-425. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14518
FAN Zhong-fei , CHEN Xiao-ling , SHI Ji-feng , ZHU Xiu-ying , GUO Ai-ping , TANG Lin , JIN Si-jia . Application of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Technique to Health Supervision and Management of Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation System[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2015, 32(5): 421-425. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14518
Citation: FAN Zhong-fei , CHEN Xiao-ling , SHI Ji-feng , ZHU Xiu-ying , GUO Ai-ping , TANG Lin , JIN Si-jia . Application of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Technique to Health Supervision and Management of Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation System[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2015, 32(5): 421-425. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2015.14518

危害分析和关键控制点技术在集中空调通风系统卫生监督管理中的应用

Application of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Technique to Health Supervision and Management of Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation System

  • 摘要: 目的 探讨危害分析和关键控制点(HACCP)技术在集中空调通风系统卫生监督管理中的应用。

    方法 调查时间为2012年5月-2014年3月。对上海市浦东新区8家(4家宾馆、2家商场、2家办公楼宇)使用集中空调的单位进行卫生监督管理,判定集中空调通风系统卫生管理中的危害因素,确定卫生质量关键控制点、控制标准和控制方法;并对HACCP计划实施前后各指标变化进行比较。

    结果 运用HACCP技术,分析集中空调通风系统运行管理的各过程和环节,确定显著危害和关键控制点,并建立具针对性的HACCP计划表加以实施;在实施HACCP计划后,8家研究对象的集中空调通风系统风管内表面积尘量检出值范围由0.1~349.4 g/m2降为0.1~16.1 g/m2,积尘中真菌总数检出值范围由0~660 cfu/cm2降为0~58 cfu/cm2,这两项指标的卫生合格率分别由实施前的50.0%、81.6%提升为100.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);集中空调新风口,空调系统空气处理机组、表冷器、加热(湿)器、冷凝水盘以及冷却塔等的卫生状况明显改善,实施前、后的卫生合格率比较差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。

    结论 运用HACCP原理开展集中空调卫生监督管理,可规范管理程序,提升管理能力,有效改善集中空调通风系统卫生质量。

     

    Abstract: Objective To assess the application of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) technique to the health supervision and management of central air conditioning and ventilation system.

    Methods A health supervision was conducted in eight buildings (four hotel,two shopping malls,and two office buildings) installed with central air conditioning and ventilation system in Pudong New Area of Shanghai during May 2012 to March 2014.Hazardous factors for health management of central air conditioning and ventilation system were determined,as well as critical control points,control standards,and control measures.Comparison was made before and after the HACCP implementation.

    Results By adopting the HACCP technique to analyze all processes and segments of selected central air conditioning and ventilation systems' operation and management,we determined significant hazards and critical control points and established a corresponding HACCP plan.After implementation of the HACCP plan,the eight buildings' amount of dust on the duct surface decreased from 0.1-349.4 g/m2 to 0.1-16.1 g/m2;the total number of fungi in dust accumulated in air ducts decreased from 0-660 cfu/cm2 to 0-58 cfu/cm2;the qualified rate of the two indicators increased from 50.0% and 81.6% to both 100.0%,respectively (P < 0.05);significant improvements in sanitary status were identified in fresh air inlets,air conditioning systems (air processing unit,surface cooler,heater/moisturizer,condensed water pan),and cooling towers,and the qualified rate changes of above mentioned items were significant before and after implementing the HACCP plan (P < 0.05).

    Conclusion Adopting HACCP technique to conduct health supervision and management of central air conditioning and ventilation systems facilitates standardizing management process,enhancing management ability,and improving the sanitary quality of central air conditioning and ventilation systems.

     

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