Abstract: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widespread chemical in the living environment,featuring globalization,persistence,and accumulation.The impacts to the ecological system include embryo toxicity,reproductive toxicity,immunotoxicity,neurotoxicity,and hepatotoxicity,among which neurotoxicity is of great concern.Recent studies have shown that the neurotoxicity of PFOS mainly concentrates in brain regions such as cerebral cortex,brainstem,and hippocampus.This paper inducts and summarizes studies regarding the neurotoxicity of PFOS to hippocampus.Based on recent research progress,the steady-state changes of each component in neural pathways induced by PFOS are also discussed to further understand the mechanism of nerve damage in hippocampus caused by PFOS.