某钢铁厂1998-2008年职业伤害危险因素分析
Analysis of Risk Factors for Occupational Injuries in a Steel and Iron Enterprise in 1998-2008
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摘要:
目的 探索某钢铁厂职业伤害与工作环境、职业安全知信行及个性特征等个体因素的相关关系,从中发现工伤事故的主因及高危人群,为职业伤害事故预防提供理论基础。 方法 利用病例对照研究方法,从工作环境、知信行及个性特征等方面展开研究。 结果 职业伤害的影响因素包括经常饮酒(OR=3.408),个性维度中N分高(OR=1.039),焦虑量表总分高(OR=3.568),更换工种(OR=3.586),工作中有分散注意力行为(OR=2.739),工作环境设备、设施、工具、附件有缺陷(OR=2.440);而技术等级较高(中级) (OR=0.044),工作场所安全装置配备齐全(OR=0.183),向上级报告隐患者(OR=0.173)为保护性因素。 结论 钢铁企业职业伤害的危险因素具有多元性,应采取针对性干预措施,禁止职工饮酒;减少职工更换工种;适时对职工进行技术培训;检查工作场所的防护用品,不全时应及时补全;加强安全知识教育及心理辅导,切实提高职工职业安全认识水平,端正职业安全态度,避免不安全行为发生;建立科学、统一的上报系统等,降低职业伤害发生。 Abstract:Objective To assess the association of occupational injuries with work environment and personal factors like personality characteristics and occupational safety related knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) in steel workers, identify the main cause of work-related accidents and susceptible populations, and provide a theoretical basis to prevent occupational injury at work. Methods A case-control designed study in a steel plant was performed to obtain information on work environment, KAP, personality characteristics, etc. Results The risk factors of occupational injuries included frequent alcohol drinking (OR=3.408), higher personality dimension-N score (OR=1.039), higher total score for anxiety scale (OR=3.568), change of work type (OR=3.586), distraction at work (OR=2.739), defective equipment, facilities, tools, accessories in work environment (OR=2.440); higher technical grade (intermediate) (OR=0.044), safety devices fully equipped in workplace (OR=0.183), report of injury risks to supervisor (OR=0.173) were protective factors. Conclusion Diverse risk factors for occupational injuries are found in the iron and steel enterprise, which requires corresponding intervention measures such as no alcohol drinking at work, reducing changes of work type, appropriate technical training, checking up protective equipment in workplace and providing supplements timely, enhancing safety education and psychological assistance to improve workers' occupational safety KAP, and establishing a scientific and unified reporting system to reduce the incident of occupational injury.
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