云浮市石材加工作业场所粉尘危害现状分析
Dust Hazard Status in Stone Processing Workplaces in Yunfu City
-
摘要:
目的 通过现场问卷调查和作业场所粉尘检测,了解云浮市石材加工行业职业卫生管理现状和作业场所粉尘危害分布与危害程度。 方法 选择当地具有代表性的石材加工企业进行职业卫生管理现状调查,并根据有关标准对作业场所进行游离二氧化硅(SiO2)含量分析及粉尘浓度检测。 结果 大理石、花岗岩、人造石企业粉尘中游离SiO2 平均含量分别为8.37%、52.60%、7.85%;总粉尘(简称“总尘”)8 h 时间加权平均浓度(C8h-TWA)分别为(14.11 & #177;4.32)、(27.47& #177;8.76)、(17.36 & #177;5.12)mg/m3,超标率分别为5.70%、72.00%、14.70%;呼吸性粉尘(简称“呼尘”)C8h-TWA 分别为(2.29& #177;0.39)、(10.60& #177;3.56)、(2.23& #177;0.32)mg/m3,超标率分别为7.40%、62.96%、5.30%。作业场所切割岗位、磨抛光岗位、再加工岗位总尘C8h-TWA 分别为(18.14& #177;5.76)、(26.62& #177;8.12)、(12.22& #177;4.76)mg/m3,超标率分别为31.15%、36.17%、27.59%;呼尘C8h-TWA 分别为(5.37& #177;2.01)、(9.02& #177;3.11)、(1.35& #177;0.27)mg/m3,超标率分别为34.38%、20.00%、23.53%。 结论 云浮市石材加工企业工作场所粉尘浓度高,特别是花岗岩加工企业,其粉尘主要为矽尘。企业职业卫生管理水平较低,粉尘防护设施落后,作业场所粉尘危害严重,发生职业危害事故和接尘工人患尘肺病的风险较高。 Abstract:Objective To understand occupational health management status and the distribution and severity of dust hazards of stone processing industry in Yunfu City through a questionnaire survey and air dust concentration measuring. Methods A survey on occupational health management was conducted, and free iO2 contents and dust concentrations in air were measured in workplaces of local representative stone processing factories. Results The average contents of air free silicon dioxide (SiO2) in marble, granite, and artificial stone industries were 8.37%, 52.60%, and 7.85%, respectively. The total dust C8h-TWA (concentration of 8-hour time weighted average) of the three industries were (14.11& #177;4.32), (27.47& #177;8.76), and (17.36& #177;5.12) mg/m3, with exceeding rates of 5.7%, 72%, and 14.70%, respectively. The respirable dust C8h-TWA of the three industries were (2.29& #177;0.39), (10.60& #177;3.56), and (2.23& #177;0.32) mg/m3, with exceeding rates of 7.40%, 62.96%, and 5.30%, respectively. The total dust C8h-TWA at cutting, grinding and polishing, and reprocessing workplaces were (18.14& #177;5.76), (26.62& #177;8.12), and (12.22& #177;4.76) mg/m3, with exceeding rates of 31.15%, 36.17%, and 27.59%, respectively. The average concentrations of respirable dust C8h-TWA at the three workplaces were (5.37& #177;2.01), (9.02& #177;3.11), and (1.35& #177;0.27) mg/m3, with exceeding rates of 34.38%, 20.00%, and 23.53%, respectively. Conclusion High air dust concentrations are detected in the workplaces of stone processing industry in Yunfu City, especially in the granite-involved workplaces where silica dust is dominant. Poor occupational health management and out-ofdate dust prevention facilities lead to severe dust hazards in workplaces and high-risk occupational accidents and pneumoconiosis in workers exposed to dusts.
下载:
