吴丰德, 徐鹏, 杨静, 胡新全, 郭强, 王建强, 刘晓峰, 杨少华. 提速铁路运营的电力机车司机室电场、磁场分布调查[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2014, 31(1): 30-32. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0007
引用本文: 吴丰德, 徐鹏, 杨静, 胡新全, 郭强, 王建强, 刘晓峰, 杨少华. 提速铁路运营的电力机车司机室电场、磁场分布调查[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2014, 31(1): 30-32. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0007
WU Feng-de , XU Peng , YANG Jing , HU Xin-quan , GUO Qiang , WANG Jian-qiang , LIU Xiao-feng , YANG Shao-hua . Distribution of Electromagnetic Pollution in Driver Compartment of Electric Locomotive after Rail Speed Elevated[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2014, 31(1): 30-32. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0007
Citation: WU Feng-de , XU Peng , YANG Jing , HU Xin-quan , GUO Qiang , WANG Jian-qiang , LIU Xiao-feng , YANG Shao-hua . Distribution of Electromagnetic Pollution in Driver Compartment of Electric Locomotive after Rail Speed Elevated[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2014, 31(1): 30-32. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0007

提速铁路运营的电力机车司机室电场、磁场分布调查

Distribution of Electromagnetic Pollution in Driver Compartment of Electric Locomotive after Rail Speed Elevated

  • 摘要: 目的 了解提速及电化改造后机车乘务人员的工作环境中电场和磁场水平。

    方法 以8:00-18:00时间段运行的机车为主,将兰州-嘉峪关区段运行的3车型的电力机车司机室作为观察组,嘉峪关-柳园区段运行的3型内燃机车为对照组。用梅花布点法在司机室的左右两侧门、窗、后壁以及司机、副司机的头部、仪表台、身后门等11个测点进行电场及磁场状况监测,并进行分布分析,每车型跟踪测量至少3台次以上,每台次根据不同位置、不同时速、不同运行情况测量3次以上。测量与评价方法按《作业场所工频电场卫生标准》 (GB 16203-1996)及《电磁辐射暴露限值和测量方法》 (草案)进行。

    结果 电力机车司机室在司机、副司机头部等关键部位及其余测点的电场、磁场强度合格率均为100%,且电力机车与内燃车电场强度差异具有统计学意义(H=0, P<0.01);电力机车磁感应强度整体明显高于内燃机车(H=0, P<0.001)。磁感应强度与机车的牵引功率存在正相关性(r=0.9401, P<0.005),且主要集中在构成司机室的空间钢架构四周,而空间内人的头部等关键部位则相对较低(P<0.01)。

    结论 电力机车司机的关键部位的电场及磁场均小于国标或草案导出的职业暴露限值,电力机车司机室的磁感应强度除主要受接触网电磁的影响外,亦受高速行驶的列车表面静电磁及机车自身电器设备电磁的影响。行驶速度波动,并频繁"加电"可造成司机室磁场强度增加。

     

    Abstract: Objective To examine the intensity changes in electric field and magnetic field in driver compartment after rail speed increase and the electrification reform of locomotives.

    Methods The observation group was composed of three electric locomotive models running Lanzhou-Jiangyuguan Pass route, while the control group was composed of three diesel locomotive models running Jiangyuguan Pass-Liuyuan route. Totally 11 sampling sites in driver compartments were selected to monitor and record electric and magnetic field intensities. At least three trains were monitored per locomotive model and each train was measured at least three by combinations of location, speed, and operation condition. All measurement and evaluation were performed according to the Health standard for electric field in the work environment (GB 16203-1996) and Limits and test methods for exposure to electromagnetic field (draft).

    Results The qualification rates of electromagnetic radiation at the key positions such as the head of drivers were all 100% in the selected compartments. The difference in electric field intensity between the electric locomotives and the diesel locomotives was significant statistically (H=0, P<0.01), and the intensity of magnetic field in the electric locomotives was also higher than that in the diesel locomotives (H=0, P<0.001). A strong positive correlation was found between the intensity of magnetic field and the traction power of locomotive (r=0.9401, P<0.005), and mainly concentrated around the steel structure of the compartments, but such correlation was relatively lower at the key positions such as the head of drivers (P<0.01).

    Conclusion The intensity values of electromagnetic field at the key positions of drivers of electric locomotives are lower than the relevant national occupational limits or the limits derived from the draft. The intensity of electromagnetic field in driver compartments of electric locomotives are mainly affected by overhead lines, surface electrostatic field from running trains at high speed, and electromagnetic field from the electrical equipment of locomotives. That locomotives running at waved speeds and being "powered" frequently could increase the intensity of electromagnetic field in driver compartments.

     

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