马炜钰, 谭夏优, 何易楠, 陈琳, 张晋蔚, 刘移民, 梁嘉斌, 王致. 广州某汽车制造企业作业人员职业紧张、职业倦怠和抑郁症状的关系[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2022, 39(12): 1359-1365. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22083
引用本文: 马炜钰, 谭夏优, 何易楠, 陈琳, 张晋蔚, 刘移民, 梁嘉斌, 王致. 广州某汽车制造企业作业人员职业紧张、职业倦怠和抑郁症状的关系[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2022, 39(12): 1359-1365. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22083
MA Weiyu, TAN Xiayou, HE Yinan, CHEN Lin, ZHANG Jinwei, LIU Yimin, LIANG Jiabin, WANG Zhi. Relationship between occupational stress, job burnout, and depressive symptoms among workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2022, 39(12): 1359-1365. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22083
Citation: MA Weiyu, TAN Xiayou, HE Yinan, CHEN Lin, ZHANG Jinwei, LIU Yimin, LIANG Jiabin, WANG Zhi. Relationship between occupational stress, job burnout, and depressive symptoms among workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2022, 39(12): 1359-1365. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM22083

广州某汽车制造企业作业人员职业紧张、职业倦怠和抑郁症状的关系

Relationship between occupational stress, job burnout, and depressive symptoms among workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou

  • 摘要: 背景

    汽车制造业(AMI)的作业方式使作业人员存在不同程度的职业紧张和职业倦怠,会导致消极情绪而产生抑郁症状。

    目的

    研究AMI企业作业人员职业紧张、职业倦怠以及抑郁症状之间关系。

    方法

    采用整群随机抽样方法,2021年以广州某AMI企业的1300名作业人员为调查对象,分别使用付出-回报失衡(ERI)问卷、职业倦怠问卷、病人健康问卷抑郁量表评估作业人员的职业紧张、职业倦怠以及抑郁症状情况。采用多重线性回归法分析职业紧张、职业倦怠对AMI作业人员抑郁症状的影响,采用中介效应模型分析职业倦怠在职业紧张与抑郁症状间的中介效应。

    结果

    发放问卷1300 份,回收有效问卷1228 份,有效问卷回收率94.5%。1228名AMI企业作业人员的ERI比值为1.06±0.72,职业紧张发生率为37.3%(458/1228);职业倦怠得分为(2.18±1.37)分,职业倦怠发生率为62.6%(769/1228);抑郁症状得分为(10.27±6.42)分,抑郁症状发生率为47.1%(578/1228)。该AMI企业作业人员职业紧张中的付出、内在投入维度以及职业倦怠中的情绪耗竭、人格解体维度得分分别与抑郁症状得分呈正相关(rs=0.415、0.571、0.573、0.593,P<0.05),回报、个体成就感维度得分则与之呈负相关(rs=−0.454、−0.339,P<0.05)。职业紧张和职业倦怠对抑郁症状得分变化的解释量分别为27.6%和16.6%。职业倦怠分别在职业紧张的3个维度与抑郁症状间具有部分中介效应,中介效应值分别−0.2832(95%CI:−0.3250~−0.2434)、0.3553(95%CI:0.3071~0.4041)、0.4193(95%CI:0.3681~0.4725)。

    结论

    AMI作业人员职业紧张影响职业倦怠的同时又间接影响了抑郁症状,职业倦怠在职业紧张和抑郁症状之间起部分中介作用。减轻AMI作业人员的职业紧张与职业倦怠水平,对抑郁症状有缓解作用。

     

    Abstract: Background

    The operation mode of automobile manufacturing industry (AMI) makes workers have different degrees of occupational stress and burnout, which may lead to negative emotions and depressive symptoms.

    Objective

    To study the relationship between occupational stress, job burnout, and depressive symptoms in AMI workers.

    Methods

    In this study, 1300 workers from a Guangzhou AMI company were selected as subjects by cluster random sampling method. Occupational stress, job burnout, and depressive symptoms of the workers were assessed by using the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory general survey questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze the effects of occupational stress and job burnout on depressive symptoms in AMI workers. Mediating effect model was used to analyze the mediating effect of job burnout on the relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms.

    Results

    There were 1300 questionnaires distributed, 1228 valid questionnaires collected, with a 94.5% recovery rate. The ERI ratio of 1228 AMI workers was 1.06±0.72, and the positive rate of occupational stress was 37.3% (458/1228). The score of job burnout was 2.18±1.37, and the positive rate of job burnout was 62.6% (769/1228). The score of depressive symptoms was 10.27±6.42, and the positive rate of depressive symptoms was 47.1% (578/1228). The dimensional scores of effort and over-commitment in occupational stress as well as emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in job burnout of AMI workers were positively correlated with the depressive symptom scores (rs=0.415, 0.571, 0.573, 0.593, P<0.05). The dimensional scores of reward and personal achievement were negatively correlated (rs=−0.454, −0.339, P<0.05). The percentages of variance in depressive symptoms score explained by occupational stress and job burnout were 26.7% and 16.6%, respectively. Job burnout had a partial mediating effect between the three dimensions of occupational stress and depressive symptoms, and the mediating effect values were −0.2832 (95%CI: −0.3250– −0.2434), 0.3553 (95%CI: 0.3071–0.4041), and 0.4193 (95%CI: 0.3681–0.4725), respectively.

    Conclusion

    AMI workers' occupational stress affects job burnout, but also indirectly affects depressive symptoms. Job burnout partially mediates the association between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. Reducing occupational stress and burnout levels of AMI workers may alleviate depressive symptoms.

     

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