邹华, 方兴林, 周莉芳, 张美辨. 2006—2020年浙江省职业性噪声聋报告病例特征分析[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2022, 39(4): 357-361. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21332
引用本文: 邹华, 方兴林, 周莉芳, 张美辨. 2006—2020年浙江省职业性噪声聋报告病例特征分析[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2022, 39(4): 357-361. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21332
ZOU Hua, FANG Xinglin, ZHOU Lifang, ZHANG Meibian. Characteristics of occupational hearing loss in Zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2020[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2022, 39(4): 357-361. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21332
Citation: ZOU Hua, FANG Xinglin, ZHOU Lifang, ZHANG Meibian. Characteristics of occupational hearing loss in Zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2020[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2022, 39(4): 357-361. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21332

2006—2020年浙江省职业性噪声聋报告病例特征分析

Characteristics of occupational hearing loss in Zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2020

  • 摘要: 背景 目前,噪声导致的职业性听力损失问题日趋严重,职业性噪声聋已成为我国第二大职业病。

    目的 分析浙江省职业性听力损失发病特点,为制定听力保护策略和措施提供依据。

    方法 通过职业病网络报告系统收集2006—2020年浙江省新发职业性噪声聋病例资料以及2015—2020年参加职业性噪声暴露健康体检劳动者的听力检查结果,描述职业性噪声聋新发病例的地区、年份、行业、企业规模、年龄分布和发病年龄、工龄情况,以及职业暴露于噪声的劳动者各年份在职业健康体检中发现的高频听力升高的检出情况。

    结果 2006—2020年,浙江省报告职业性噪声聋病例共575例,其中,男性526例,女性49例。患者发病年龄为(44.8±8.0)岁,男、女间发病年龄差异有统计学意义(t=3.420,Ρ=0.001);发病工龄MP25P75)为9.0(5.5,13.2)年。2006—2020年间,职业性噪声聋病例数及其占当年职业病总例数的构成呈上升趋势,年平均增长速度为22.11%。病例主要分布在杭州、宁波和嘉兴市,分别为194例、140例和112例,占全省总病例数的77.5%。分布行业以制造业为主,为515例,占89.6%;经济类型以私营经济企业为主,为330例,占57.4%,不同经济类型企业的发病工龄差异有统计学意义(H=29.081,Ρ<0.001);中、小微型企业病例分别为215例和265例,合计占总病例数83.5%。

    结论 2006—2020年间,浙江省职业性噪声聋发病人数呈不断增长趋势,发病工龄相对较短,并呈现区域性、行业性聚集等特征。

     

    Abstract: Background Occupational hearing loss associated with noise is becoming more and more serious, and occupational noise-induced deafness has become the second most frequently reported occupational disease in China.

    Objective To characterize occupational hearing loss in Zhejiang Province so as to provide a basis for the formulation of hearing protection strategies and measures.

    Methods Through the occupational diseases reporting system, the data of new cases of occupational noise-induced deafness in Zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2020 and the audiometry results of laborers who were exposed to occupational noise and participated in physical examinations from 2015 to 2020 were collected. The distribution of new cases of occupational noise-induced deafness were described in categories of region, year, industry, enterprise scale, age, onset age, and length of work, as well as the detection of increased high-frequency hearing threshold of workers who ordered occupational health examination in each year.

    Results A total of 575 cases of occupational noise-induced deafness were reported in Zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2020, of which 526 cases were male and 49 were female. The mean onset age of patients with noise-induced deafness was (44.8±8.0) years. There was a significant difference in mean onset age between male and female (t=3.420, Ρ=0.001). The median length of work M (P25, P75) at the time of onset was 9.0 (5.5, 13.2) years. The number of cases of noise-induced deafness and its proportion to the total number of occupational diseases in a year showed an increasing trend from 2006 to 2020 and the average annual growth rate was 22.11%. The patients were mainly distributed in the Hangzhou, Ningbo, and Jiaxing, and the number of cases were 194, 140, and 112, respectively, accounting for 77.5% of the total cases in Zhejiang Province. Manufacturing industry was dominant one in terms of the number of cases, which accounted for 89.6% (515 cases). Private economic enterprise, in terms of economic type, accounted for 57.4% (330 cases). There were significant differences in the length of work at the time of onset among different economic types of enterprises (H=29.081, Ρ<0.001). There were 215 cases in the medium-sized enterprises and 265 in the small- and micro-sized enterprises, respectively, accounting for 83.5% of the the total number of cases.

    Conclusions From 2006 to 2020, the cases of occupational noise-induced deafness in Zhejiang Province present an increasing trend, with a relatively short length of work at the time of onset, and regional and industrial agglomeration.

     

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