Research progress on effects and mechanisms of bisphenol A on spermatogenesis
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Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental endocrine disruptor mainly used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and a variety of everyday products. People are exposed to BPA through skin, water, and diet. A large number of animal experiments and population studies have confirmed that BPA has adverse effects on male reproductive function, such as spermatogenesis and sperm quality, and even the reproductive function of offspring. However, the mechanism of BPA male reproductive toxicity is still not clear. This paper introduced the status of BPA exposure, the effects of BPA on testis, epididymis, and spermatogenesis, and the related mechanisms; concluded that BPA could reduce sperm quantity and interfere with sperm maturation by damaging spermatogonial stem cells and sperm cells at different stages of spermatogenesis and affecting hormone secretion. Therefore, the review pointed out that reducing and avoiding BPA exposure during critical period of development would ensure the development of male reproductive system. Future research directions should include establishing in vivo experimental models with accurate exposure during pregnancy, studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms in vitro, and carrying out more extensive epidemiological studies.
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