Objective To assess the changes of smoking status and related influencing factors among residents aged above 15 years in Xuhui District of Shanghai between the first and sixth years of the implementation of The Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Smoking Control in Public Places (hereinafter referred to "the regulations").
Methods Two household investigations (Health Status and Health Service Utilization Survey 2010 & 2015 in Xuhui District) were carried out using multistage random sampling method with probability proportional to population size. The sample sizes were 11 347 and 10 388 in 2010 and 2015, respectively. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to describe smoking behavior and the influencing factors of smoking or quitting smoking, respectively.
Results From 2010 to 2015, the standardized current smoking rate of residents aged above 15 years fell from 17.6% to 14.7% (from 35.2% to 29.8% for men, and from 1.3% to 1.0% for women), the standardized quitting smoking rate increased from 17.6% to 22.8%, and the smokers' age of first cigarette smoking was 0.9 years earlier. The smoking rate, current smoking rate, current daily smoking rate, and heavy smoking rate of residents aged 45 to 59 years were higher than those in other age groups. There was a significant reduction in smoking rate and a significant increase in quitting smoking rate of the respondents aged 30-59 years and 75 years and above (P < 0.01). Male (adjusted OR=51.479), the 45-59 years age group (adjusted OR=1.825), the widowed/ divorced (adjusted OR=1.498), housekeeper (adjusted OR=18.279), the unemployed (adjusted OR=16.625), the retired (adjusted OR=12.057), the employed (adjusted OR=15.453), and drinkers (for those who drink 1-2 times weekly adjusted OR=3.190, and for those who drink ≥ 3 times weekly adjusted OR=5.221) had high risks of smoking; those with college and above educational level (adjusted OR=0.510) and the single (adjusted OR=0.738) had low risks of smoking. Male (adjusted OR=0.336), and those who drink ≥ 3 times weekly (adjusted OR=0.467) tended to keep smoking, while the elderly (for the 60-74 years age group adjusted OR=6.583, and for the 75-years age group adjusted OR=28.521) tended to quit smoking.
Conclusion The implementation of the regulations is beneficial to the reduction of smoking rate among young and middleaged men, but the tobacco control work is still facing huge challenges, and public health practitioners should adopt more targeted measures.
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