GUO Weiwei, LIU Meixia, YANG Feng, DING Wenbin, QU Jing, YIN Yan. Analysis on active health surveillance for pneumoconiosis among workers exposed to dust in small and micro enterprises in Shanghai in 2019[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(8): 877-882. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21163
Citation: GUO Weiwei, LIU Meixia, YANG Feng, DING Wenbin, QU Jing, YIN Yan. Analysis on active health surveillance for pneumoconiosis among workers exposed to dust in small and micro enterprises in Shanghai in 2019[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(8): 877-882. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21163

Analysis on active health surveillance for pneumoconiosis among workers exposed to dust in small and micro enterprises in Shanghai in 2019

  • Background Pneumoconiosis is the most important occupational disease in China. Workers in small and micro enterprises are at a high risk of pneumoconiosis. However, due to the low coverage of relevant occupational health services, the exact incidences of the disease are unclear.
    Objective Through a pilot program of active health surveillance for pneumoconiosis, this study investigates the detection rate and incidence characteristics of pneumoconiosis among dustexposed workers in small and micro enterprises.
    Methods From January 1 to December 31, 2019, in three jurisdictions in Shanghai where dust-exposed enterprises were concentrated or high cumulative numbers of pneumoconiosis cases were identified in the past five years, a total of 703 dust-exposed workers were selected from 76 small or micro enterprises without ordering occupational health examinations in the last three years, and free occupational health examinations were implemented. The examinations consisted of chest radiograph and pulmonary respiratory function tests. The indicators of pulmonary respiratory function test included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC. All indicators were expressed as percentage of actual measurement to expected value (FVC%, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC%).
    Results The main economic type of the 76 enterprises was private economy (73.7%), and the main industry was machinery manufacturing (48.7%). A total of 703 workers were selected, with an average age of (43.8±9.7) years and an average dust-exposed working age of (7.2±6.7) years. The majority of the workers were exposed to welding dust (28.3%). There was one case of suspected pneumoconiosis (0.1%) and one case of occupational contraindication (0.1%). According to chest radiograph examination, the positive rate of pneumoconiosis-like changes was 0.1% and the rate of other abnormalities was 21.6%. According to pulmonary respiratory function test, the abnormal rates of FVC%, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC% were 5.3%, 2.6%, and 0.9%, respectively, and the abnormal rate of lung functions was 5.8%. The positive rates of abnormal chest radiographs and abnormal lung functions were gradually increased with older age and longer dust-exposed history (P < 0.05).
    Conclusion Industry types of small and micro enterprises with dust hazards are consolidated in Shanghai. The workers exposed to welding fumes are the largest group. In 2019, one case of suspected occupational disease is detected through the active surveillance. The results of occupational health examination are different among workers grouped by dust, age, and dust-exposed working age.
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