TANG Hong-mei, HE Dan-dan, WEN Xiao-sa, ZANG Jia-jie, DING Ke-ying. Dietary intake and nutritional status of residents in Minhang District of Shanghai in 2012-2013[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(5): 465-469. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18671
Citation: TANG Hong-mei, HE Dan-dan, WEN Xiao-sa, ZANG Jia-jie, DING Ke-ying. Dietary intake and nutritional status of residents in Minhang District of Shanghai in 2012-2013[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(5): 465-469. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18671

Dietary intake and nutritional status of residents in Minhang District of Shanghai in 2012-2013

  • Background Facing dietary changes following rapid economic development, the Chinese people are threatened by diet-related chronic diseases.

    Objective The study is designed to understand the dietary structure and nutritional status of residents in Minhang District of Shanghai, and to provide evidence for the formulation of nutritional intervention measures and policies.

    Methods The survey subjects were selected by a multistage stratified random sampling method. In the first stage, four towns were randomly selected from 13 towns in Minhang District. In the second stage, three neighborhood committees were selected from each sample town by PPS sampling method. In the third stage, one residential group was selected from each neighborhood committee by simple random sampling method. In the fourth stage, 12 households were selected from each residential group by proportional sampling method. Among the 144 households, the permanent residents aged 18 years and over were included, who had lived in the city for more than 6 months in the past year. In the four seasons from 2012 to 2013, food consumption data were collected by food weighing method and 3-day 24-hour dietary recall, and the daily intakes per standard person of foods and nutrients were calculated. Foods were classified into food categories, and the intakes were calculated by the weight of edible parts. Energy and nutrient intakes did not include those derived from nutrient supplements. The evaluation was conducted using Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2016) and Reference Intake of Dietary Nutrients for Chinese Residents (2013).

    Results The residents in Minhang District of Shanghai consumed excess livestock and poultry meat, oil, and salt, and the intakes per standard person per day were 102.1, 31.0, and 6.7 g, respectively; the intakes of cereals and tubers, vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk and dairy products, soybeans and nuts, and water were relatively low, which were 218.9g, 253.8g, 81.9g, 36.5g, 35.7g, 7.9g, and 758.9mL, respectively; the intake of aquatic products was moderate, which was 45.2 g. The percentages of energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates were 15.6%, 38.2%, and 46.2%, respectively. The intakes of dietary calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and vitamin C were lower than the corresponding estimated average requirements, and there were 66.8%, 55.7%, 88.6%, 73.6%, and 52.4% residents with insufficient intakes respectively. The intake of sodium was 300.4% of the adequate intake, which suggested excessive intake.

    Conclusion The residents in Minhang District of Shanghai show a less reasonable dietary structure, unbalanced nutrition sources, excess energy from fat, insufficient energy from carbohydrates, and excessive or insufficient intakes of some nutrients. It is suggested to increase intakes of whole and coarse grains, milk and dairy products, soybeans and nuts, vegetables, fruits, and water, as well as reduce intakes of oil, salt, and fatty foods.

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