Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, and provide a scientific basis for preventing overweight and obesity in students.
Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling was conducted. In the first stage, three primary schools, four middle schools, and two high schools were selected by probability proportionate to size (PPS) sampling method. In the second stage, one classroom from each grade of the selected schools was selected by simple random sampling method. In the third stage, 18 students (half male and half female) from each classroom were selected by simple random sampling method. A total of 609 students completed the investigation including a survey collecting general information, 3-day 24-hour dietary recall, and physical examination. Single-factor and multiple logistic regression models were established to evaluate selected demographic, dietary, and physical activity-related factors potentially associated with overweight and obesity.
Results The overall prevalence rate of overweight among the selected students in Pudong New Area was 13.96%; the overall prevalence rate of obesity was 11.82%, and boys (14.85%) had a higher obesity rate than girls (8.82%) (P < 0.05). The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that older age (OR=0.86), female (OR=0.47), excessive intake of protein (OR=0.32), and insufficient vs. adequate intakes of vitamin B2 (OR=0.42) or zinc (OR=0.46) were associated with not reporting overweight or obesity; middle school students (vs. primary school students, OR=2.43), fathers with college/vocational school education (vs. fathers with education level of primary school and below, OR=2.96), and students with inadequate vs. adequate intakes of vegetable (OR=1.61), retinol (OR=1.89), or vitamin E (OR=1.89) were associated with reporting overweight or obesity.
Conclusion Overweight and obesity are prevalent among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, and are associated with age, gender, parental educational level, and diet such as inadequate intake of vegetable.
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