Objective To clarify the effects of hypoxic training on body composition and lipid level of obese people by meta analysis method.
Methods In this study, we searched PubMed, EBSCO, Medline, Central, Chinese Academic Journals Full-text Database, Wanfang databases from inception to December 2017 to collect literatures on the effects of hypoxia training on body composition and blood lipid of obese people by using search words in either English or Chinese such as hypoxia training, hypoxia exercise, normobaric hypoxia training, clinical trial, randomized controlled trial, obesity, and body mass index, without language restriction. After literature screening, meta analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software, and effect values were reported as mean difference and 95% confidence interval.
Results A total of 8 RCT and 205 obese patients were included. Body mass index (MD=-1.4, 95% CI:-2.54--0.25, P < 0.001), body fat percentage (MD=-0.84, 95% CI:-1.42-0.26, P=0.004), and total cholesterol concentration (MD=-1.52, 95% CI:-2.98--0.05, P=0.040) were statistically different between hypoxia training group and normoxia training group. However, waist-tohip ratio, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride were not. Different intervention time and different hypoxia training patterns were the main sources of heterogeneity in body mass index. Hypoxia training > 4 weeks affected body mass index (MD=-5.73, 95% CI:-9.36--2.10, P < 0.001); intermittent hypoxic training (MD=-0.94, 95% CI:-1.31--0.74, P=0.050) also affected body mass index of the obese people. Different intervention time was the main source of heterogeneity in total cholesterol concentration. Hypoxia training > 4 weeks affected total cholesterol concentration (MD=-2.42, 95% CI:-4.20--0.65, P < 0.001).
Conclusion Hypoxia training > 4 weeks affects body mass index and serum total cholesterol of obese patients. Intermittent hypoxic training is effective for improving body mass index.
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