Background Nutrition is an important material basis for human beings to maintain life, growth, and health. China Food and Nutrition Development Programme (2014-2020) issued by the General Office of the State Council mentions that the goal of nutrient intake is to maintain a proper amount of vitamin and mineral intake. Previous studies have shown unbalanced dietary pattern and seasonal distribution of micronutrient intake in Shanghai residents.
Objective This study aims to ascertain the intakes of selected nutrients in the diet of adult residents in Minhang District of Shanghai and their seasonal distribution characteristics.
Methods A stratified multistage random sampling was conducted to select 322 residents aged 18 years and above in Minhang District of Shanghai. A 3-day 24-hour dietary recall survey was conducted in the spring and autumn of 2012 and the summer and winter of 2013 to record food consumption and collect general information of the participants. The seasonal and annual intakes of energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, and vitamins were calculated in per standard personday, and evaluated by corresponding estimated average requirements, recommended nutrition intakes, and tolerable upper intake levels.
Results The number of subjects who participated in the dietary recall survey in all four seasons was 281, totaling 1 124 person-times, with energy intake of 8 402.68 kJ, protein 78.98 g, fat 85.87 g, and carbohydrate 233.04 g per standard person-day for the whole year. The zinc intake for 29.4% of the adult residents was lower than estimated average requirement, and the zinc deficiency rate ranged from 26.7% to 31.0% in four seasons. The selenium intake for 51.5% of the adult residents was lower than estimated average requirement, and the selenium deficiency rate in spring (63.3%) was obviously higher than those in other seasons (44.8%-49.5%). The deficiency rates of vitamin A, B1, B2, and C among the adult residents in Minhang District were all over 40% in different seasons. The deficiency rates of vitamin A and C were both higher in spring than in other seasons (P < 0.05); the deficiency rates of vitamin B1 were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn (P < 0.05); no seasonal difference was found for vitamin B2 (P > 0.05).
Conclusion Insufficient intakes of several dietary trace elements and vitamins are identified in the adult residents in Minhang District in different seasons, especially in spring.
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