SHEN Li-na, BAI Pin-qing, FU Ling-fei, CHEN Bo, SHEN Hui-ping. Diet and nutrition survey among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2015[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(12): 1100-1105. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18459
Citation: SHEN Li-na, BAI Pin-qing, FU Ling-fei, CHEN Bo, SHEN Hui-ping. Diet and nutrition survey among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2015[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(12): 1100-1105. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18459

Diet and nutrition survey among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2015

  • Objective To investigate dietary and nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, and provide a scientific basis for targeted nutrition intervention programs.

    Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a nutrition survey among the primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area from September to October in 2005. A total of 609 students were enrolled. Body height and weight were measured and body mass index was applied to evaluate their nutritional status. Meanwhile, a dietary survey was carried out using continuous 3-day 24-hour dietary recall and weight method. The participants' dietary intake was evaluated based on the Chinese School-age Children's Dietary Guidelines (2016), and their nutritional status were assessed according to the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).

    Results A total of 609 students completed the survey, including 303 boys and 306 girls. The age distribution ranged from 7 to 18 years old, with 254 in primary schools, 261 in middle schools, and 94 in high schools, respectively. The intakes of fruits, dairy, vegetables, and fish & shrimps were inadequate. The proportions of students with fruit intake below the minimum recommended amount in three categories (primary schools, middle schools, and high schools) were 90.55%, 91.57%, and 97.87%, respectively. The proportions of students with diary intake below the minimum recommended amount in the three categories were 93.31%, 91.95%, and 95.74%, respectively. The proportions of students with vegetables intake below the minimum recommended amount in middle schools and high schools were 96.17% and 96.81%, respectively. The proportions of students with fish and shrimps intake below the minimum recommended amount in primary schools and middle schools were 78.74% and 67.05%, respectively. The intakes of meat, oils, and salt were excessive. The proportions of students with meat intake higher than the maximum recommended amount in the three categories were 100.00%, 95.40%, and 95.74%, respectively. The proportions of students with oils intake higher than the maximum recommended amount in the three categories were 76.38%, 94.64%, and 96.81%, respectively. The proportions of students with salt intake higher than the maximum recommended amount in the three categories were 78.74%, 79.69%, and 89.36%, respectively. The proportions of students with calcium, magnesium, and zinc intakes reaching DRIs in all age groups were 3.8%-9.6%, 7.7%-19.1%, and 3.1%-18.1%, respectively, all less than 20%. Compared with dietary reference intakes (DRIs), most of the students showed high fat-to-energy ratio (51.3%-53.7%) and low carbohydrate-to-energy ratio (32.0%-36.9%). The overall prevalence of overweight among students in Pudong New Area was 13.96% and the prevalence of obesity was 11.28%. The prevalence of overweight among boys was significantly higher than that among girls (χ2=14.514, P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found in the prevalence of obesity (χ2=1.783, P > 0.05).

    Conclusion Due to unreasonable dietary pattern, the intakes of calcium, magnesium, and zinc are seriously insufficient, the energy supply ratio is unreasonable, and overweight and obesity are prevalent among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai.

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