ZHANG Li-jun, ZHOU Xiao-dan, XU Hui-hui, JIA Xiao-dong, ZHANG Yun, ZHANG Hui-min, WU Yan, GUO Chang-yi, WU Fan. Exposure level of tobacco smoke in smoking rooms of selected public places and attitude towards smoking ban in Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2017, 34(1): 1-7. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.16720
Citation: ZHANG Li-jun, ZHOU Xiao-dan, XU Hui-hui, JIA Xiao-dong, ZHANG Yun, ZHANG Hui-min, WU Yan, GUO Chang-yi, WU Fan. Exposure level of tobacco smoke in smoking rooms of selected public places and attitude towards smoking ban in Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2017, 34(1): 1-7. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.16720

Exposure level of tobacco smoke in smoking rooms of selected public places and attitude towards smoking ban in Shanghai

  • Objective To study tobacco smoke exposure levels in smoking rooms (areas) within lounges of public transportation facilities and office buildings in Shanghai as well as people's attitude towards smoking ban in public places.

    Methods An investigation of tobacco smoke exposure was conducted. Real-time monitoring instruments were used for detecting the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbonic oxide (CO) in selected monitoring spots:3 smoking rooms (A1, A2, and B) of a Shanghai airport; 2 smoking rooms (C1 and C2) of two railway stations; 1 smoking room (D) of an office building; 1, 3, 5, and 10 m away from each smoking room; 2 m outside (near outdoor smoking areas O1 and O2 respectively), between, and 2 m inside the departure waiting hall gates of the airport. Field observation was performed to estimate user volume of each smoking room. Tobacco soot was collected from air-exhausting pipes of smoking rooms in the airport. A questionnaire investigation was performed among randomly selected passengers on their attitude towards smoking ban. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare air pollutant concentrations of different monitoring spots. Chi-square test was used to compare the difference between groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between PM2.5 concentration and user count in smoking rooms.

    Results The PM2.5 levels in each smoking room exceeded the national air pollution level Ⅱ stipulated by the Ambient air quality standards (GB 3095-2012), with a maximum level of 34 800 μg/m3 and exceeding 463 times. Despite varied pollution ranges and exceeding rates among monitored smoking rooms, the PM2.5 concentrations declined with the increasing distance from smoking rooms:smoking rooms > 1 m outside > 3 m outside > 5 m outside > 10 m outside. The exceeding rates from highest to lowest were office building > railway stations > airport due to area and ventilation installation. PM2.5 concentrations in smoking rooms were positively correlated with the number of smokers (r=0.536, P < 0.001). Nicotine, metalsarsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn), and benzo (a) pyrene were detected in the tobacco soot samples. About 78.77% of the respondents expressed antipathy to smoking in public places and only 22.39% of the respondents opposed the total smoking ban policy in public places of Shanghai.

    Conclusion The detected PM2.5 levels in smoking rooms (areas) of public places exceed relevant national standard and setting smoking rooms does not work to isolate tobacco smoke exposure. There are many harmful substances in tobacco soot. Most people approve smoking-free policy. Therefore, smoking-free policy need to be enforced in public places in Shanghai.

  • loading

Catalog

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return