TANG Xu, HUANG Wei, DAI Hua, LIU Xing-can, XIA Yin-yin, MENG Pan, ZHANG Rui-yuan, GUO Yu-ming, CHENG Shu-qun. Comparison of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary functions among school-age children in areas with different levels of air pollution in Chongqing[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2017, 34(5): 415-420. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.16467
Citation: TANG Xu, HUANG Wei, DAI Hua, LIU Xing-can, XIA Yin-yin, MENG Pan, ZHANG Rui-yuan, GUO Yu-ming, CHENG Shu-qun. Comparison of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary functions among school-age children in areas with different levels of air pollution in Chongqing[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2017, 34(5): 415-420. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.16467

Comparison of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary functions among school-age children in areas with different levels of air pollution in Chongqing

  • Objective To compare respiratory health among school-age children in areas with different air pollution levels in Chongqing.

    Methods Pollution area and clean area of Chongqing were defined by air pollution index (API) from the website of local environmental protection agency from 2010 to 2015. Using a cluster sampling method, we recruited a total of 487 children from Grade 3 and 4 in two primary schools in each study area. Children's pulmonary functions were examined. The incidences of respiratory diseases and symptoms were determined using a standard respiratory disease questionnaire (ATS-DLD-78-C).

    Results The pollution area showed higher average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 than the clean area in four seasons and whole year (P < 0.05). In spring, winter, and whole year, the average concentrations of NOX in the pollution area were higher than those in the clean area (P < 0.05). The concentration of SO2 in the pollution area was higher than that in the clean area in winter (P < 0.05). The ratios of male to female were 1.11:1 and 1:1.16 in the clean area and the pollution area, respectively. Two areas showed significant differences in family monthly income, home heating mode, kitchen ventilation system, keeping pets, and housing renovation within one year (P < 0.05). The results of single factor unconditional logistic regression analysis displayed higher risks of persistent coughing up phlegm (OR=2.54; 95%CI:1.64-3.94) and bronchitis (OR=2.05; 95%CI:1.18-3.55) for the children in the pollution area than those in the clean area after controlling confounding factors such as age, kitchen ventilation system, and family monthly income (P < 0.05). Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of both girls and boys in the clean area were higher than those in the pollution area (P < 0.05). Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression result showed higher risks of coughing up phlegm (OR=2.63; 95%CI:1.69-4.09) and bronchitis (OR=2.19; 95%CI:1.26-3.83) for the children in the pollution area than those in the clean area (P < 0.05).

    Conclusion The incidences of respiratory diseases and symptoms in school-age children were higher in the pollution area than those in the clean area of Chongqing, and there are differences in pulmonary function in dicators, indicating that air pollution may affect children's respiratory health.

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